References: Laxative
Cancer Detect Prev. 1998;22(5):396-404.
Epidemiology of sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, medical history, and colon cancer: a case-control study among French Canadians in Montreal.
Ghadirian P, Maisonneuve P, Perret C, Lacroix A, Boyle P.
Research Center, CHUM, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Colon cancer is the second most common cancer in both men and women in North America and other developed countries. In a population-based case-control study of colon cancer among French Canadians in greater Montreal, a total of 402 cases and 668 controls were interviewed. The cancer cases were identified through the admission offices of five major Francophone teaching hospitals in Montreal from 1989 to 1993. The controls, matched by age, sex, place of residence, and language, were selected by a modified random digit dialing method. The results show that subjects who had ever been married had a lower risk for colon cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 0.58; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.48-0.84) than did individuals who had never been married. A significant association (OR: 1.90; p for trend = 0.003) was found between the height of subjects and the risk of colon cancer. The OR for individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer was 2.78 with a p value of 0.01. A direct and significant association (OR: 2.01) was found among constipation, use of laxatives (OR: 1.41), and the risk of colon cancer. Among women, a suggestive inverse association was detected between the number of full-term pregnancies and the risk of colon cancer in female subjects (the OR for five or more pregnancies was 0.58 with a p for trend of 0.08). There was also a suggestive linear trend (increased age-decreased risk) between age at menarche and the risk of colon cancer. No association was apparent between other sociodemographic characteristics and the risk of colon cancer. In conclusion, married individuals had lower risk for colon cancer, perhaps due to food habits or other characteristi
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1998 Sep;56(9):1075-80.
The use of nonopioid drugs in management of chronic orofacial pain.
Zuniga JR.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of North Carolina, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill 27599-7450, USA.
Although controversial, opioid analgesics have been prescribed for patients with chronic facial pain. Based primarily on survey data and a few well-controlled clinical trials, long-term opioid treatment provides adequate pain reduction in 41% to 100% of patients with chronic nonmalignant pain. However, only 25% of chronic facial pain patients reported adequate pain relief with chronic opioid treatment. Work, home, and school function are generally reestablished or maintained during chronic opioid treatment, but 25% to 38% of patients remain dysfunctional, and one study indicated that 20% of patients became dysfunctional during treatment. Chronic opioid treatment is associated with many transient side effects; constipation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, itching, and fatigue have been reported in 5% to 42% of patients taking opioids over 1 year. Although survey studies suggest that the risks of addiction are low in typical patients, drug abuse rates up to 17.3% and prescription abuse rates up to 27.6% were reported within groups of chronic opioid users. Chronic opioid use induces analgesic tolerance and physical dependence, which may result in a serious abstinence syndrome in users and children born to users. Chronic opioid use also may induce harmful immune system changes, diminish cognitive and motor function, and produce nociceptive hyperexcitability. This article shows that the use of long-term opioids for chronic facial pain is not justified based on the available data. Despite these perceived problems, there is anecdotal evidence that chronic facial pain patients will respond positively to opioid analgesics. In our experience, the pain assessment scale and a modification of the World Health Organization's three-step analgesic ladder, which prescri
Arch Ital Urol Androl. 1998 Jun;70(3):145-51.
[Male and female urinary incontinence: treatment in day surgery]
[Article in Italian]
Mantovani F, Patelli E, Zanetti G, Ceresoli A.
Istituto di Urologia, IRCSS Ospedale Maggiore, Milano.
Incontinence isn't itself a disease but the feature of possible urinary tract alterations or outside of it. Incontinence is frequent above all in the elderly but it can be on charge of both sexes at every age. In Italy, according to recent evaluations, people affected with this disease would be more than 4 millions. Incontinence is therefore an important failure for its health aspects but also for economic and social ones. The problem is to evaluate if incontinence can't be prevented and as consequence needs only an assistance management, or it can be considered a preventable disease able to be cured, as we deeply believe, suggested also by the positive results of new therapeutical procedures, in association with traditional surgery and rehabilitation such as injectables or mini-invasive quick operations such as colpocleisis or percutaneous vaginal colposuspension (PVC), matters of this presentation and always performed according to correct diagnosis and indication. Bovine dermal collagen highly purified, poorly viscous and easily injectable, despite traditional rehabilitation and surgery, is a further procedure, endoscopic and minimally invasive to treat stress incontinence. Collagen is employed to perform a bladder neck plasty, increasing urethrosphincterial competence, to obtain continence without the creation of an obstruction. Genital prolapse, that is hysterocolpocele or simple vaginal vault prolapse, has course in high proportion (37%) in elderly (after 80 years). Surgical management of severe failures of continence and often also of the voiding function, such as: hyscuria with vesicoureteral reflux, obstinate constipation related to severe genital prolapse with allied rectocele is often hardly performed in elderly owing to the age and general health co
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