References: Laxative
J Pediatr Surg. 1999 Jan;34(1):153-6; discussion 156-7.
Reoperation for Hirschsprung's disease.
Weber TR, Fortuna RS, Silen ML, Dillon PA.
Department of Surgery, St. Louis University School of Medicine and Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, MO 63104, USA.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Reoperation for Hirschsprung's disease traditionally has been used for patients with anastomotic leaks or stricture or with severe constipation from retained aganglionic segment or neuronal dysplasia, but there is little information regarding its use for other complications and the long-term outcome in these patients. METHODS: In a 23-year period, 107 infants and children underwent Soave (68 patients) or Duhamel (39 patients) pull-through procedures. The age at operation was newborn to 6 years (mean, 10 months). Eighty percent had aganglionosis limited to the rectosigmoid colon. Follow-up was by office visit or telephone (mean, 8.5 years). RESULTS: Twenty-three of the 68 patients with Soave pull-through (34%) underwent reoperation for intractable enterocolitis (10 patients, all 10 cured); anastomotic stenosis (four patients, three cured, one continued diversion); anastomotic leak (four patients, four cured); retained aganglionic segment (three patients, three cured); one necrosis of pull-through converted to Duhamel and cured; and one rectal prolapse that was diverted. Fifteen of the 39 patients with Duhamel procedure (38%) underwent reoperation for severe constipation (seven patients, six cured, one diverted); persistent rectal septum (four patients, 4 cured); and intractable enterocolitis (four patients, three cured, one diverted). Overall, 21 of 23 patients (91%) with reoperation after Soave procedures were cured, whereas 13 of 15 patients (87%) who underwent reoperation after Duhamel procedure were cured, and four patients remain diverted. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that aggressive reoperation can result in a high cure rate in Hirschsprung's disease. Although there is no significant difference in the rate of reoperation after
J Pediatr Surg. 1999 Feb;34(2):334-7.
Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty is superior to sacroperineal-sacroabdominoperineal pull-through: a long-term follow-up study in boys with high anorectal anomalies.
Rintala RJ, Lindahl HG.
Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: It is unclear which surgical method offers best long-term functional results in patients with high anorectal anomalies. The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term outcome of sacroperineal-sacroabdominoperineal pull-through (SP-SAP) to that of posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP). METHODS: Only boys with high anorectal anomalies (rectourethral fistula) were included in the study to get fully comparable patient groups. From 1975 to 1987, 36 consecutive patients underwent anorectal reconstruction: 19 had SP-SAP (1975 to 1983) and 17 PSARP (12 with internal sphincter-sparing technique, 1983 to 1987). The late bowel function (age at follow up, SP-SAP, 19 years; range, 15 to 22; PSARP, 13 years; range, 10 to 19) was evaluated by clinical interview and examination, and anorectal manometry. RESULTS: Six (35%) of the PSARP patients and one (5%) of the SP-SAP patients (P < .04) were always clean without any adjunctive measures. Three PSARP patients and two SP-SAP patients stayed clean with daily enemas. In the PSARP patients with soiling, the median frequency of soiling episodes in a month was four (range, 1 to 16), in the SP-SAP patients, 20 (range, 2 to 28, P < .001). None of the SP-SAP patients but 8 of 17 of the PSARP patients had constipation requiring diet or oral medication. Two PSARP patients and four SP-SAP patients had occasional faecal accidents. The median daily bowel movements in the PSARP group was one (range, one to four) and in the SP-SAP group, three (range, one to five, P < .001). The PSARP patients had significantly higher anorectal resting and squeeze pressures and voluntary sphincter force (cm/H2O, PSARP: mean resting, 47+/-9; mean squeeze, 106+/-29; mean
Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 Mar;94(3):609-15.
Physiology of refractory chronic constipation.
Mertz H, Naliboff B, Mayer E.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
OBJECTIVE: Investigators suggest three distinct pathophysiologies for patients with constipation symptoms: 1) slow colon transit, 2) irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and 3) pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). Our aim was to determine the prevalence of the three types of constipation pathophysiology, the degree of overlap, and what interactions exist between pathophysiologies. METHODS: Constipated patients refractory to fiber (n = 131) underwent regional colon transit studies, anorectal manometry/EMG, measurement of rectal compliance, and rectal sensory testing. Correlations were performed examining interactions between the above measures. RESULTS: Visceral hypersensitivity (typical of IBS) was found in 58%, slow colonic transit in 47%, PFD in 59%, and no physiological abnormalities were detected in 24%. Slow transit and visceral hypersensitivity overlapped in half of each group. PFD physiology was found in approximately half of each of the subgroups. There was no correlation between PFD physiology and rectosigmoid transit, total colon transit, or any other physiology. There were no correlations between slow transit and visceral hypersensitivity. Visceral hypersensitivity did correlate with increased rectal compliance, suggestive of increased accommodation reflexes in IBS. CONCLUSIONS: At a tertiary center, slow transit physiology and visceral hypersensitivity typical of IBS are equally common and overlap heavily in constipated patients. PFD physiology does not correlate with slower rectosigmoid colon transit, and is seen equally in all subgroups. No abnormalities were found in 24% of patients. We therefore identify four subgroups in constipation: IBS, slow transit, both, and neither.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10086639&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative colon cleansing
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