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Pediatr Surg Int. 2000;16(4):277-81.
The innervation of human bowel mucosa and its alterations in Hirschsprung's disease using a whole-mount preparation technique.

Nemeth L, Puri P.

Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.

The innervation of the human bowel wall and its structural and functional changes in Hirschsprung's disease (HD) are well-recognised. The luminal surface of the bowel acts as a multifunctional barrier, and modifications in its physiochemical properties can result in serious complications such as enterocolitis (EC). The whole-mount preparation (WMP) technique produces a three-dimensional (3D) picture to better demonstrate the neuronal networks and the relationship of branching and interconnecting nerve fibres to each other. The aim of this study was to investigate the innervation of the mucosal layer in normal and HD bowel using a WMP immunohistochemistry technique in order to better understand the pathophysiology of HD. Full-thickness bowel specimens were collected from 9 HD patients at pull-through operation. Normal control small- and large-bowel specimens were collected from 10 patients at the time of bladder augmentation. Suction rectal biopsies from 8 patients with chronic constipation and 2 patients with HD were also included in this study. A WMP of the mucosal layer was made and stained with various neuronal markers (S100, PGP 9.5, and LICAM) using fluorescein immunohistochemistry. PGP 9.5, S100, and L1CAM immunofluorescence staining of the normal mucosa demonstrated a characteristic 3D meshlike neuronal network of uniform thickness surrounding the crypts. In the aganglionic bowel S100, PGP 9.5, and L1CAM-positive meshlike networks were replaced by thick nerve trunks in the muscosa without any interconnecting network. The present study demonstrates for the first time the 3D morphology of mucosal innervation in normal and aganglionic bowel. The WMP technique clearly demonstrated that the mucosal innervation in HD



Dis Colon Rectum. 2000 Jul;43(7):940-3.
Development of constipation in nursing home residents.

Robson KM, Kiely DK, Lembo T.

Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged Research and Training Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

PURPOSE: Constipation is a common complaint among geriatric patients and may result in significant morbidity, especially among nursing home residents. The prevalence of constipation increases with advancing age and may be a result of the aging process, but the exact cause is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of constipation and to determine risk factors for the development of constipation in a large population of nursing home residents. METHODS: The Minimum Data Set is an assessment instrument used in nearly all Medicare-certified and Medicaid-certified nursing facilities. Nursing home residents who were at least 65 years of age and who had assessments at baseline and at three months were included in the study (N = 21,012). Baseline risk factors were included in a multivariate logistic regression to determine their association with the development of constipation. To allow causal implications, nursing home residents with constipation at baseline were excluded. The variables examined included medications, mobility, comorbid illness, and nutrition. RESULTS: The mean age (+/- standard deviation) of nursing home residents was 83 +/- 8 years, and the population was 70 percent female and 83 percent white. At baseline, the prevalence of constipation was 12.5 percent (N = 2,627). By the three-month assessment, 7 percent (N = 1,291) of nursing home residents had developed constipation. The factors associated independently with the development of constipation were, in order of magnitude, race, decreased fluid intake, pneumonia, Parkinson's disease, and the presence of allergies. Congestive heart failure and the use of a feeding tube were two factors identified a



Ann Chir. 2000 Jan;125(1):40-4.
[Posterior rectopexy in total rectal prolapse-]

[Article in French]

Gallot D, Martel P, Honigman I, Chenard X, Sezeur A, Malafosse M.

Service de chirurgie digestive, hopital Bichat, Paris, France.

STUDY AIM: The aim of this retrospective study was to report the results of posterior Orr-Loygue rectopexy in 55 patients operated on for rectal prolapse. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From 1986 to 1997, 114 patients were operated on for rectal prolapse and 55 had an Orr-Loygue operation. There were 47 women and 8 men (mean age: 55 years). Twenty-five patients (45%) had fecal incontinence, 26 (47%) described preoperative 'constipation'. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia, through laparotomy in 51 patients, through laparoscopy in 4 patients. Resection of sigmoid colon was associated to rectopexy in four patients. RESULTS: Mortality rate was 0 and morbidity rate 12%. Mean hospital stay duration was 13.5 days. Mean follow-up was 63 months and at the end of the study, four patients (7%) had recurrence, 5/25 patients had still incontinence; 55% of the patients had unchanged postoperative bowel function, 22% described improvement (including the four patients with resection-rectopexy) but 38% (21/55) suffered from postoperative 'constipation'. The rate of 'constipation' induced or majored by rectopexy was 22% but the functional trouble described appeared often complex. CONCLUSION: Posterior Orr-Loygue rectopexy is the operation recommended for patients in good general condition, especially if fecal incontinence is associated. In the course of the procedure, preservation of pelvic nerves and hypogastric plexus, and positioning of the strips not too tight between the anterolateral rectal walls and promontory must be emphasized. Posterior Orr-Loygue rectopexy is contraindicated when general anesthesis is too risky and when bowel dysfunction and/or rectal exoneration dysfunction are present.

Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10921183&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative colon cleansing



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