References: Laxative
Taehan Kanho. 1990 Aug 30;29(3):25-35.
[The effect of various cleansing methods for total fiber optic colonoscopy]
[Article in Korean]
Yang HZ, Woo MH.
It is a fact that there are recent increasing trends of incidence of the colorectal carcinoma among other colorectal diseases. In such trend, the early detection remain to be most important by the air contrast barium enema and total fiber optic colonoscopy There are several ways to prepare the colon for barium enema and fiber optic colonoscopy which include several agents. The mechanical cleansing have been used most frequently since Brown's method was adapted to be most perfect for colon cleansing. The ideal laxatives and enema solutions were limited to adequate dose, it's effectiveness, patient's diet and bowel habit, minimal side effect, low cost and simple to perform. In order to compare the effectiveness of various cleansing solutions, six experimental methods were formed as shown; 1. normal saline enema, 2. castor oil with normal saline enema, 3. castor oil with soapsuds enema, 4. magnesium citrate with normal saline, 5. magnesium citrate with soapsuds enema and 6. ingestion of Golyetly solution. The authors have compared and determined the degree of cleanliness by an experienced endoscopist The total number of patients was 247, age distribution was 43 +/- 15 years old, and sex distribution was 133 males and 114 females. The grade I and II represented no difficulties at performing the fiber optic colonoscopy+, but grade III and IV had some difficulties, even unable to perform the fiber optic colonoscopy. The effectiveness the cleansing agents, represented with grade I and II was 95.9% (47/49) in method 6, 93.2% (54/58) in method 2, 83.3% (30/33) in method 3, 70.0% (28/40) in method 5, 66.7% (16/24) in method 1, and 45.7% (18/40) in method 4. Method 2 and 6 were the most effective in normal bowel habit patients. In constipated patients, method 6 was the most effective and all method except method 4 were effective in diarrhea patients.
Gastrointest Endosc. 1990 Sep-Oct;36(5):486-8.
Performing screening flexible sigmoidoscopy using colonoscopes: experience in 500 subjects.
Rex DK, Lehman GA, Hawes RH, O'Connor KW, Smith JJ.
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.
There is still controversy regarding the optimal length of flexible sigmoidoscopes. We performed screening distal colon examinations using 168-cm colonoscopes in 500 asymptomatic subjects who were unsedated and had sigmoidoscopy cleansing preparation. The mean depth of penetration was 66 cm and was similar in persons in whom the examination was discontinued because of poor preparation versus those with discomfort. Polyps were detected in 87 patients, but only 5 subjects had polyps detected above 60 cm. We conclude that in a group of unsedated subjects scheduled for flexible sigmoidoscopy after a sigmoidoscopy prep, the use of instruments longer than 60 cm gives very little additional yield.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2227321&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative colon cleansing
Cancer. 1990 Dec 15;66(12):2528-32.
Endoscopic and radiographic evaluation of the murine colon.
Hull CC, Stellato TA, Ament AA, Gordon N, Galloway P.
Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical School, Houston.
Endoscopic and radiographic techniques have not been widely applicable in the evaluation of chemically induced murine colon cancer. The authors investigated methods of cleansing the rat colon and refined endoscopic and radiographic techniques. They compared total colonoscopy (TC) and air-contrast (ACBE) and single-contrast barium enema (SCBE) findings with those obtained at necropsy in rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer. Gastrograffin enemas with bisacodyl suppositiories showed complete evacuation of solid feces. Sprague-Dawley rats treated with DMH had their colons cleansed and then underwent TC (5.0-mm Olympus bronchoscope) and either SCBE or ACBE. Colonoscopy and ACBE were equally sensitive (81.5% and 76.3%, respectively), although SCBE was significantly insensitive in identifying lesions (P less than 0.001). This study demonstrates that: (1) mechanical cleansing of the rat colon is feasible, (2) TC and barium radiology can be done routinely after mechanical cleansing, and (3) TC and double-contrast BE are sensitive in identifying colon lesions. These techniques will provide a means for manipulation of murine tumors and in vivo surveillance.
Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2249195&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative colon cleansing
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