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J Am Coll Surg. 2002 Jan;194(1):40-7.
Complications after colorectal surgery without mechanical bowel preparation.

van Geldere D, Fa-Si-Oen P, Noach LA, Rietra PJ, Peterse JL, Boom RP.

Department of Surgery, Ziekenhuis Amstelveen, The Netherlands.

BACKGROUND: The current practice of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) before colorectal surgery is questionable. Mechanical bowel preparation is unpleasant for the patient, often distressful, and potentially harmful. The results are often less than desired, increasing the risk of contamination. Cleansing the colon and rectum before surgery has never been shown in clinical trials to benefit patients. In animal experiments MBP has a detrimental effect on colonic healing. STUDY DESIGN: To investigate the outcomes of colorectal surgery without MBP, we prospectively evaluated a consecutive series of patients who underwent resection and primary anastomosis of the colon and upper rectum, including emergency operations. One surgeon performed all operations. Endpoints were wound infection, anastomotic failure, and death. Late signs and symptoms that might be secondary to leakage of the anastomosis were considered as an anastomotic failure as well, during a followup of 1 year. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty operations were performed, of which 199 (79.6%) were elective. Colectomies were left-sided in 65.6%. Anastomoses were ileocolic in 32%, colocolic in 20.8%, colorectal intraperitoneal in 34.4%, and extraperitoneal in 12.8%. No patient suffered from fecal impaction. Followup was complete in 97.2%. Eight patients (3.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-6.4) developed superficial wound infections. In three patients there was leakage from an extraperitoneal colorectal anastomosis, in two of them after hospital discharge. The overall anastomotic failure rate was 1.2% (95% CI: 0.3-3.6). The in-hospital mortality rate was 0.8% (95% CI: 0.1-2.9) and was not related to abdominal or septic complications. CONCLUSION: Mechanical bowel preparation is not a sine qua no

uchicago.edu

PURPOSE: To develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme for automated detection of colonic polyps on the basis of volumetric features and to assess its accuracy on the basis of colonoscopy, the standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computed tomographic (CT) colonography was performed in patients with use of standard bowel cleansing, air insufflation, and helical scanning in supine and prone positions. The colon was extracted from volumetric data sets generated from transverse CT sections. Volumetric features characterizing polyps were computed at each point in the extracted colon. Polyps were detected by means of hysteresis thresholding and fuzzy clustering followed by a rule-based test on the basis of feature values. Locations of the detected polyps were compared with those detected at conventional colonoscopy. RESULTS: Forty-one cases were analyzed: nine cases with polyps and 32 without polyps. Each case with polyps had one polyp of clinically important size (six were 5-9 mm; three, 10 mm). Thus, there were 82 volumetric data sets, 18 included polyps. Eighty-nine percent (16 of 18) of the polyps were detected. Each of the two false-negative findings was detected in the other position; thus, 100% of polyp cases were detected, with 2.5 false-positive findings per patient. The false-positive findings were similar to those due to common perceptual errors. Most of the false-positive findings were easily distinguishable from true polyps by experienced radiologists. CONCLUSION: The CAD scheme has the potential to depict polyps with high sensitivity and an acceptable false-positive rate.

Laxative online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11818596&dopt=Abstract constipation laxative colon cleansing




Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2002 Feb;14(1):55-61.
Effect of bowel cleansing on colonic transit in constipation due to slow transit or evacuation disorder.

Sloots CE, Felt-Bersma RJ.

Department of Gastroenterology of the 'Vrije Universiteit' Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Colon transit time measurement with radio-opaque markers is a method of studying the passage of luminal contents throughout the colon. Overall colonic transit time (CTT), as well as segmental transit times [right (RTT), left (LTT) and rectosigmoid (RSTT)], can be calculated. We hypothesize that CTT is influenced by faecal impaction when the rectum is emptied infrequently. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of bowel cleansing on colonic transit time in patients with chronic constipation. In 25 women (age 41 years; range 20-65 years) with constipation according to Thompson criteria, CTT measurement was performed in an unprepared situation and repeated after cleansing with 4 L of Klean-Prepreg. Ten healthy female volunteers (age 41 years; range 27-57 years) were used as controls. In constipated patients, CTT decreased from a median 70 h (range 10-130 h) to 48 h (5-94 h) in the cleansed state (P < 0.001). A shortening of transit time was found in all three segments. In 10 patients with slow transit (ST) (CTT > 86 h), CTT decreased from 110 h (range 94-130) to 86 (38-94) (P < 0.001). Five of the 10 patients with ST before bowel cleansing had a CTT below 86 h after cleansing. In female controls, uncleansed CTT and RSTT shortened from 39 h (23 to 62) and 17 h (8-29) to 29 h (17-48) and 10 h (0-20) after bowel cleansing (P=0.058 and P=0.046). Colonic intraluminal contents have a substantial effect on colonic transit. In female controls, bowel cleansing shortened rectosigmoid transit. Women with constipation had faster transit in the cleansed state, however, the distribution of markers was not altered. Despite the effect of bowel cleansing on CTT, it seems unnecessary to prepare the bowel in clinical prac



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