Dream Pharm Mother Nature's Timesless Recipes Lutein

References online: Lutein

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Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Home| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: What is Lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: What does Lutein do for us ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Are we taking enough lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Are there other eye nutritions than Lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Role of Carotenoids| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Serum lutein and carotenoid level in response to taking dietary carotenoids| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein and Lung Function| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein and Congestive Heart Failure| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein, Lycopene, and Prostate Cancer| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein, carotenoids, and breast cancer| Lutein and Skin Cancer| Lutein: General Information Page| Lutein and Age-related Macular Degeneration| Lutein improves visual function in age-related cataracts patients| Lutein may be a nutritional factor for protecting lens in age-related cataracts patients| Intakes of antioxidants in coffee, wine, and vegetables are correlated with plasma carotenoids in humans.| Plasma Antioxidant Status, Immunoglobulin G Oxidation and Lipid Peroxidation in Demented Patients: Relevance to Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia.| Photo-oxidative stress in a xanthophyll-deficient mutant of Chlamydomonas.| Application of tristimulus colorimetry to estimate the carotenoids content in ultrafrozen orange juices.| Macular pigment: quantitative analysis on autofluorescence images.| QTL and candidate genes phytoene synthase and zeta-carotene desaturase associated with the accumulation of carotenoids in maize.| Thermal processing of vegetables increases cis isomers of lutein and zeaxanthin.| Serum vitamins and the subsequent risk of bladder cancer.| The relationship between dietary carotenoids and prostate cancer risk in Southeast Chinese men.| Macular pigments: their characteristics and putative role.| The effect of an acute phase response on tissue carotenoid levels of growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).| Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoids in retinal, choroidal, and macular dystrophies.| Assessment of carotenoid bioavailability of whole foods using a Caco-2 cell culture model coupled with an in vitro digestion.| Lutein, zeaxanthin, macular pigment, and visual function in adult cystic fibrosis patients.| Serum Carotenoid and Retinol Levels during Childhood Infections.| Chlorophyll, carotenoids and the activity of the xanthophyll cycle.| De-epoxidation of violaxanthin in light-harvesting complex I proteins.| Carotenogenesis during tuber development and storage in potato.

J Exp Bot. 2004 May;55(399):975-82. Epub 2004 Mar 26.
Carotenogenesis during tuber development and storage in potato.

Morris WL, Ducreux L, Griffiths DW, Stewart D, Davies HV, Taylor MA.

Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.

Germplasm of Solanum tuberosum and Solanum phureja exhibit a wide (over 20-fold) variation in tuber carotenoid content. The levels of carotenoids during tuber development and storage were compared in a high carotenoid-accumulating S. phureja accession (DB375\1) with two S. tuberosum cultivars (Pentland Javelin and Desiree) that accumulate lower levels of tuber carotenoid. On a dry weight basis, total carotenoid levels were at a maximum early in tuber development. However, in the S. phureja accession, carotenoid levels remained at a high level throughout tuber development, whereas in the S. tuberosum accessions, carotenoid content decreased as dry weight increased. The carotenoid profiles of tissues during tuber development were analysed in greater detail by reverse phase HPLC. In S. phureja tubers at maturity the major carotenoids were zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and violaxanthin. Following 9 months storage at 4 degrees C the levels of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin decreased, whereas the level of lutein increased; overall, however, there was only a small decrease in total carotenoid content. In order to explore the reasons for the wide variation in tuber carotenoid content, the expression patterns of the major genes encoding the enzymes of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway were compared. Significant differences in the profiles were detected, suggesting that transcriptional control or mRNA stability gives rise to the large differences in tuber carotenoid content. In particular, there was an inverse trend between the level of zeaxanthin epoxidase transcript level and tuber carotenoid content in a range of potato germplasm, giving rise to an hypothesis for the regulation of carotenogenesis in potato tubers.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15047766&dopt=Abstract lutein



Anal Bioanal Chem. 1996 Aug;356(1):1-9.
Certification of fat-soluble vitamins, carotenoids, and cholesterol in human serum: Standard Reference Material 968b.

Thomas JB, Kline MC, Schiller SB, Ellerbe PM, Sniegoski LT, Duewer DL, Sharpless KE.

Analytical Chemistry Division, NIST, 20899, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.

In Standard Reference Material 968b, fat-soluble vitamins and cholesterol in human serum, certified values are provided for cholesterol, retinol, retinyl palmitate, alpha-tocopherol, trans-beta-carotene, total beta-carotene ( trans plus cis isomers), total alpha-carotene, and lutein. Non-certified values are also reported for gamma-tocopherol (includes beta-tocopherol), delta-tocopherol, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, trans-lycopene, trans-lycopene, trans-alpha-carotene, total lycopene, 9- cis-betacarotene, 13- plus 15- cis-beta-carotene, and 15- cis-beta-carotene. Both certified and non-certified values are based on the agreement among results from three different liquid chromatographic analytical procedures developed at NIST and from an interlaboratory comparison exercise among institutions that participate in a NIST-managed Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program. Cholesterol is certified in this material using the NIST isotope dilution/mass spectrometric definitive method.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15045249&dopt=Abstract lutein



Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2003;12 Suppl:S36.
Relationship between colour and aroma of olive oil and nutritional content.

Fielding JM, Sinclair AJ, DiGregorio G, Joveski M, Stockmann R.

Department of Food Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001.

Background - Olive oil contains some minor constituents including, characteristic phenolic compounds which contribute to the stability of the oil, antioxidant properties, lipoxygenase activity inhibition and microbial activity. Objective - To determine differences between olive and sunflower oils in regards to nutrient/phytochemical concentration, and to correlate these factors with the colour and aroma of the oils. Design - This study investigated 13 oils in relation to their aroma, colour and nutritional qualities. The oils included extra virgin olive oil, light olive oil and sunflower oil. The phenolic compound, carotenoid, vitamin E and fatty acid composition was measured. These parameters were compared and correlated to the colour measures (L*a*b) and electronic nose responses for each oil. Outcomes - Two Australian extra virgin olive oils contained the highest concentration of phenolic compounds, including oleuropein aglycone (P<0.05). Imported olive oils contained the highest beta- carotene concentration compared with local oils (P=0.002). Chroma (b*) was significantly related to lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations (R(2) =0.756, P=0.003). The responses of three electronic nose sensors (LY/LG, LY/G, LY/AA) significantly correlated with oleuropein aglycone concentrations (P< 0.02). Conclusions - These results have implications for food processors and consumers who wish to choose oils that have high phytonutrient content: Oils that are high in phenolic compounds and lutein/zeaxanthin can be readily identified, by using aroma and colour measurements.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15023644&dopt=Abstract lutein



Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2003;12 Suppl:S5.
Nutritional factors in the development of age-related eye disease.

Mitchell P, Smith W, Cumming RG, Flood V, Rochtchina E, Wang JJ.

University of Sydney Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney (Westmead Millennium Institute, Centre for Vision Research).

Nutritional associations have been found with two major eye diseases, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading causes of severe visual impairment (blindness) and cataract, the principal cause of mild to moderate visual impairment. These data have derived from population-based studies of older communities and samples, clinic-based case-control studies, and from the findings of a recent, large randomized clinical trial; the Age Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). For AMD, some population-based and case-control studies suggested protective roles for diet or supplementary zinc and antioxidants, although these data have been variable and relatively inconsistent. Benefit, however, was confirmed in the AREDS trial, which demonstrated, over 6 years, up to a 25% reduction in development of advanced disease or severe visual impairment in the group taking large, combined doses of zinc and vitamins A (as beta-carotene), C and E. There is now also increasing cirmumstantial evidence for beneficial effects from the xanthophyll carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, which were not incorporated in the AREDS supplement. Many studies have also shown protective effects on AMD from reduced dietary saturated fat and regular consumption of fish. For cataract, although earlier studies suggested potential benefits from increased dietary intakes of antioxidants, no benefit from supplements was confirmed in the AREDS trial. However, other studies (but no trials yet) have indicated stronger potential roles for dietary protein intake and B group vitamins in the pathogenesis of age-related cataract. These data will be reviewed, including findings from an Australian population (the Blue Mountains Eye Study) and randomized clinical trial (VECat). Evidence-based principles for practical nutritional advice in older persons with eye disease will be outlined.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15023590&dopt=Abstract lutein

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Hair loss is a problem of personal issues. Examining the factors of hair growth may shed light on how hair loss might occur.
How long can hair grow before it stops growing eventually?
Given that the hair growth rate is quite uniform and constant, somewhere between 0.3-0.5 millimeters per day, it's believed that the length of anagen, the growth phase, differs among individuals, and this is the major determinant to the maximum hair length. For some individuals, anagen may last ten years. Of course the length of the anagen is governed by genes, and the genetic background of the individuals. Non-genetic factors such as nutritional condition, weather, seasonal changes (hair may grow a bit faster during winter), taking medications, health condition may of course influence the rate of hair growth as well as hair loss.
The shape of the hair, straight or curly, is dependent on the shape of the follicle. A circular or round hair follicle would generate straight hair, while the follicle with oval or elliptical shapes (in its cross-section) would produce a curly hair.

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