Dream Pharm Mother Nature's Timesless Recipes Lutein

References online: Lutein

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Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Home| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: What is Lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: What does Lutein do for us ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Are we taking enough lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Are there other eye nutritions than Lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Role of Carotenoids| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Serum lutein and carotenoid level in response to taking dietary carotenoids| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein and Lung Function| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein and Congestive Heart Failure| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein, Lycopene, and Prostate Cancer| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein, carotenoids, and breast cancer| Lutein and Skin Cancer| Lutein: General Information Page| Lutein and Age-related Macular Degeneration| Lutein improves visual function in age-related cataracts patients| Lutein may be a nutritional factor for protecting lens in age-related cataracts patients| Intakes of antioxidants in coffee, wine, and vegetables are correlated with plasma carotenoids in humans.| Plasma Antioxidant Status, Immunoglobulin G Oxidation and Lipid Peroxidation in Demented Patients: Relevance to Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia.| Photo-oxidative stress in a xanthophyll-deficient mutant of Chlamydomonas.| Application of tristimulus colorimetry to estimate the carotenoids content in ultrafrozen orange juices.| Macular pigment: quantitative analysis on autofluorescence images.| QTL and candidate genes phytoene synthase and zeta-carotene desaturase associated with the accumulation of carotenoids in maize.| Thermal processing of vegetables increases cis isomers of lutein and zeaxanthin.| Serum vitamins and the subsequent risk of bladder cancer.| The relationship between dietary carotenoids and prostate cancer risk in Southeast Chinese men.| Macular pigments: their characteristics and putative role.| The effect of an acute phase response on tissue carotenoid levels of growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).| Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoids in retinal, choroidal, and macular dystrophies.| Assessment of carotenoid bioavailability of whole foods using a Caco-2 cell culture model coupled with an in vitro digestion.| Lutein, zeaxanthin, macular pigment, and visual function in adult cystic fibrosis patients.| Serum Carotenoid and Retinol Levels during Childhood Infections.| Chlorophyll, carotenoids and the activity of the xanthophyll cycle.| De-epoxidation of violaxanthin in light-harvesting complex I proteins.| Carotenogenesis during tuber development and storage in potato.

J Biol Chem. 2004 Jun 25;279(26):26823-9. Epub 2004 Apr 07.
De-epoxidation of violaxanthin in light-harvesting complex I proteins.

Wehner A, Storf S, Jahns P, Schmid VH.

Institut fur Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich Heine-Universitat Dusseldorf, Germany.

The conversion of violaxanthin (Vx) to zeaxanthin (Zx) in the de-epoxidation reaction of the xanthophyll cycle plays an important role in the protection of chloroplasts against photooxidative damage. Vx is bound to the antenna proteins of both photosystems. In photosystem II, the formation of Zx is essential for the pH-dependent dissipation of excess light energy as heat. The function of Zx in photosystem I is still unclear. In this work we investigated the de-epoxidation characteristics of light-harvesting complex proteins of photosystem I (LHCI) under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Recombinant LHCI (Lhcal-4) proteins were reconstituted with Vx and lutein, and the convertibility of Vx was studied in an in vitro assay using partially purified Vx de-epoxidase isolated from spinach thylakoids. All four LHCI proteins exhibited unique de-epoxidation characteristics. An almost complete Vx conversion to Zx was observed only in Lhca3, whereas Zx formation in the other LHCI proteins decreased in the order Lhca4 > Lhca1 > Lhca2. Most likely, these differences in Vx de-epoxidation were related to the different accessibility of the respective carotenoid binding sites in the distinct antenna proteins. The results indicate that Vx bound to site V1 and N1 is easily accessible for de-epoxidation, whereas Vx bound to L2 is only partially and/or with the slower kinetics convertible to Zx. The de-epoxidation properties determined for the monomeric recombinant proteins were consistent with those obtained for isolated native LHCI-730 and LHCI-680 in the same in vitro assay and the de-epoxidation state found under in vivo conditions in native LHCIs.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15070896&dopt=Abstract lutein



Int J Cancer. 2004 May 20;110(1):110-6.
Dietary carotenoids and risk of colon cancer: case-control study.

Nkondjock A, Ghadirian P.

Epidemiology Research Unit, Research Centre, CHUM-Hotel-Dieu, Pavillon Masson, 3850 St. Urbain, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1T7.

Some epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of fruits and vegetables with a high carotenoid content may protect against colon cancer (CC). The evidence, however, is not completely consistent. Given the inconsistencies in findings in previous studies and continued interest in identifying modifiable risk factors for CC, a case-control study of French-Canadian in Montreal, Canada, was undertaken to examine the possible association between dietary carotenoids and CC risk and to investigate whether this association varies in relation to lifestyle factors such as smoking or diet, and particularly the high consumption of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). A total of 402 colorectal cases (200 males and 202 females) and 688 population-based controls matched for age, gender and place of residence were interviewed. Dietary intake was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire that collected information on over 200 food items and recipes. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in unconditional logistic regression models. After adjustment for important variables such as total energy intake, no association was found between dietary intake of carotenoids and CC risk. For women with high intakes of LCPUFA, an inverse association was found between lutein + zeaxanthin and CC risk. ORs were 0.41; 95%CI (0.19-0.91), p=0.03 for eicosapentaenoic acid, and OR=0.36, 95%CI (0.19-0.78), p=0.01 for docosahexaenoic acid, when the upper quartiles of intake were compared to the lower. Among never-smokers, a significantly reduced risk of CC was associated with intake of beta-carotene [OR=0.44, 95%CI (0.21-0.92) and p=0.02], whereas an inverse association was found between lycopene intake and CC risk [OR=0.63, 95%CI (0.40-0.98) and p=0.05] among smokers. The results of our study suggest that a diet rich in both lutein + zeaxanthin and LCPUFAs may help prevent CC in French-Canadian females. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15054875&dopt=Abstract lutein




Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(Suppl):S117.
The relationship between dietary carotenoids and prostate cancer risk in Southeast Chinese men.

Binns CW, LJ LJ, Lee AH.

School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, 6845 WA, Australia.

To investigate whether dietary intake of lycopene and other carotenoids has an aetiological association with prostate cancer, a case-control study was conducted in Hangzhou, southeast China during 2001-2002. The cases were 130 incident patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The controls were 274 hospital inpatients without prostate cancer or any other malignant diseases, who were matched to the age of cases. Information on usual food consumption, including all vegetables and fruits, was collected by face-to-face interview using a structured food frequency questionnaire. The risk of prostate cancer for the intake of carotenoids and selected vegetables and fruits rich in carotenoids was assessed using multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for age, locality, education, income, body mass index, marital status, number of children, family history of prostate cancer, tea drinking, total fat and caloric intake. The prostate cancer risk declined with increasing consumption of lycopene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin. Tomatoes, pumpkin, spinach, watermelon and citrus intake were also inversely related to the risk of prostate cancer. The adjusted odds ratio for the highest quartiles compared with the lowest were 0.18 (95% CI: 0.08-0.41) for lycopene, 0.43 (95% CI: 0.21-0.85) for alpha-carotene, 0.34 (95% CI: 0.17-0.69) for beta-carotene, 0.15 (95% CI: 0.06-0.34) for alpha-cryptoxanthin and 0.02 (95% CI: 0.01-0.10) for lutein and zeaxanthin. The dose response relationships were also significant, suggesting that intake of lycopene and other carotenoid rich vegetables and fruits may associate with a reduced risk of prostate cancer.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15294649&dopt=Abstract lutein

basalmed.uio.no

BACKGROUND: There is a need for objective and universally applicable biomarkers for the intake of foods believed to affect human health. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this feeding study was to test whether plasma concentrations of carotenoids could be used to distinguish recommended consumption of mixed fruits and vegetables (five a day) from the current national intake of fruits and vegetables (two a day). DESIGN: A strict crossover design was chosen to correct for observed interindividual variations in carotenoid response. A total of 40 healthy subjects were included in the study. After 1 week run-in period with no fruits and vegetables in the diet, one group was given two portions (300 g) of fruits and vegetables daily, while another group was given five portions (750 g) for 14 days. Following a 2 week wash-out period and 1 week run-in, the regimens were switched between the groups. Fruits and vegetables were combined to match a typical Norwegian diet. RESULTS: Enhanced intake from two to five portions of mixed fruits and vegetables increased plasma concentrations of alpha-carotene (P=0.033) and lutein (P=0.051) in a crossover analysis. Analysis of data in the parallel part of the study revealed differences between the high and low intake for plasma concentrations of alpha-carotene (P=0.013) and beta-carotene (P=0.016). A trend was also evident for plasma concentrations of lycopene (P=0.057) and lutein (P=0.076) in the parallel analysis. No effect of high vs low intake of fruits and vegetables was observed for plasma concentrations of beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, cholesterol and triacylglycerols. CONCLUSION: The study indicates that plasma concentration of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and lutein may be used to assess changes of fruit and vegetable intake corresponding to an increase from the present national intake in Norway to the recommended amount of five portions of fruits and vegetables daily. SPONSORSHIP: Norwegian Research Council, National Nutrition Council, Throne Holst Foundation for Nutrition Research and Freia Chokoladefabriks Medisinske Fond.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15054430&dopt=Abstract lutein

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The average human scalp is covered by approximatey 100,000 hair follicles. Each hair undergoes hair cycle and normally 50-100 hairs randomly fall out a day, which is unnoticeable because lost hair is replaced by as many new hairs springing up daily. Hair loss results from the fall out of hair from the hair follicle. Alopecia or excessive, premature hair loss is the condition caused by many factors.
Loss of hair itself may not pose critical health problems because biological role of human hair is relatively marginal. Hair on our scalp protects the head from mechanical shock, heat loss, and exposure to UV-light. The eyelashes and eyebrowes protect the eyes, and hair in the ear canal or the nasal passages help filter out particles and pathogens, thus protecting our internal organs.
However, hair does play important social role: it is one of the major determinants of our appearance and identity in daily life. Fullness of hair also implicates or manifests physical integrity and youthfulness of the person. Losing hair could have more than just emotional impacts on individuals.
The hair is a unique organ that goes through a characteristic cycle consisting of an immature phase, a growing phase called anagen, a transitional phase between the growing phase and the resting phase called catagen, and finally a resting phase called telogen in which the hair stops growing, waiting to fall out. 85-90% of hairs on our body are in anagen phase or growing phase, which lasts anywhere from two to five years. This phase is followed by a short regression phase, or catagen, which lasts 2-3 weeks. Approximately 1% of hair follicles are in catagen. Approximately 10-15% of hair follicles are in the resting phase, the telogen, which lasts about 3-5 months. Hair follicles typically goes through 10-20 asynchronous cycles during the lifetime.
Persistent loss of more than 150 hairs would consist a state of hair loss, or alopecia, albeit it could be temporary.

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