Dream Pharm Mother Nature's Timesless Recipes Lutein

References online: Lutein

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Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Home| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: What is Lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: What does Lutein do for us ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Are we taking enough lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Are there other eye nutritions than Lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Role of Carotenoids| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Serum lutein and carotenoid level in response to taking dietary carotenoids| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein and Lung Function| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein and Congestive Heart Failure| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein, Lycopene, and Prostate Cancer| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein, carotenoids, and breast cancer| Lutein and Skin Cancer| Lutein: General Information Page| Lutein and Age-related Macular Degeneration| Lutein improves visual function in age-related cataracts patients| Lutein may be a nutritional factor for protecting lens in age-related cataracts patients| Intakes of antioxidants in coffee, wine, and vegetables are correlated with plasma carotenoids in humans.| Plasma Antioxidant Status, Immunoglobulin G Oxidation and Lipid Peroxidation in Demented Patients: Relevance to Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia.| Photo-oxidative stress in a xanthophyll-deficient mutant of Chlamydomonas.| Application of tristimulus colorimetry to estimate the carotenoids content in ultrafrozen orange juices.| Macular pigment: quantitative analysis on autofluorescence images.| QTL and candidate genes phytoene synthase and zeta-carotene desaturase associated with the accumulation of carotenoids in maize.| Thermal processing of vegetables increases cis isomers of lutein and zeaxanthin.| Serum vitamins and the subsequent risk of bladder cancer.| The relationship between dietary carotenoids and prostate cancer risk in Southeast Chinese men.| Macular pigments: their characteristics and putative role.| The effect of an acute phase response on tissue carotenoid levels of growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).| Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoids in retinal, choroidal, and macular dystrophies.| Assessment of carotenoid bioavailability of whole foods using a Caco-2 cell culture model coupled with an in vitro digestion.| Lutein, zeaxanthin, macular pigment, and visual function in adult cystic fibrosis patients.| Serum Carotenoid and Retinol Levels during Childhood Infections.| Chlorophyll, carotenoids and the activity of the xanthophyll cycle.| De-epoxidation of violaxanthin in light-harvesting complex I proteins.| Carotenogenesis during tuber development and storage in potato. comser.szote.u-szeged.hu

The multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins that belong to the ATP-binding casette superfamily are present in a majority of human tumors and are an important final cause of therapeutic failure. Therefore, compounds which inhibit the function of the MDR-efflux proteins may improve the cytotoxic action of anticancer chemotherapy. The effects of carotenoids were studied on the activity of the MDR-1 gene-encoded efflux pump system. The carotenoids, isolated from paprika and other vegetables, were tested on the rhodamine 123 accumulation of human MDR-1 gene-transfected L1210 mouse lymphoma cells and human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 (HTB-26). Capsanthin and capsorubin enhanced the rhodamine 123 accumulation 30-fold relative to nontreated lymphoma cells. Lycopene, lutein, antheraxanthin and violaxanthin had moderate effects, while alfa- and beta-carotene had no effect on the reversal of MDR in the tumor cells. Apoptosis was induced in human MDR1 transfected mouse lymphoma cells and human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 (HTB-26) cell lines in the presence of lycopene, zeaxanthin and capsanthin. The data suggest the potential of carotenoids as possible resistance modifiers in cancer chemotherapy.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15113052&dopt=Abstract lutein

utmb.edu

The stability to autoxidation of the polar carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, was compared to that of the less polar carotenoids, beta-carotene and lycopene at physiologically or pathophysiologically relevant concentrations of 2 and 6 microM, after exposure to heat or cigarette smoke. Three methodological approaches were used: 1) Carotenoids dissolved in solvents with different polarities were incubated at 37 and 80 degrees C for different times. 2) Human plasma samples were subjected to the same temperature conditions. 3) Methanolic carotenoid solutions and plasma were also exposed to whole tobacco smoke from 1-5 unfiltered cigarettes. The concentrations of individual carotenoids in different solvents were determined spectrophotometrically. Carotenoids from plasma were extracted and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Carotenoids were generally more stable at 37 than at 80 degrees C. In methanol and dichloromethane the thermal degradation of beta-carotene and lycopene was faster than that of lutein and zeaxanthin. However, in tetrahydrofuran beta-carotene and zeaxanthin degraded faster than lycopene and lutein. Plasma carotenoid levels at 37 degrees C did not change, but decreased at 80 degrees C. The decrease of beta-carotene and lycopene levels was higher than those for lutein and zeaxanthin. Also in the tobacco smoke experiments the highest autoxidation rates were found for beta-carotene and lycopene at 2 microM, but at 6 microM lutein and zeaxanthin depleted to the same extent as beta-carotene. These data support our previous studies suggesting that oxidative stress degrade beta-carotene and lycopene faster than lutein and zeaxanthin. The only exception was the thermal degradation of carotenoids solubilized in tetrahydrofuran, which favors faster breakdown of beta-carotene and zeaxanthin.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15096658&dopt=Abstract lutein



Environ Pollut. 1990;68(3-4):293-303.
Chlorophyll, carotenoids and the activity of the xanthophyll cycle.

Siefermann-Harms D.

Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut fur Genetik und fur toxikologie von Spaltstoffen, Postfach 3640, D-7500 Karlsruhe 1, Germany.

Clone spruce trees (Picea abies L. Karst.) were exposed in the Hohenheim open-top chambers to low levels of O(3) and SO(2), singly and in combination, and to simulated precipitation of two pH treatments (Seufert et al., this volume). At the end of five years of continuous exposure, needles from the 13-year-old trees were sampled and analysed for pigments content by means of HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography). The pigment content was determined for three needle age classes. Chlorophyll a content, measured on a dry weight basis, was similar for all needle age classes in the control chambers receiving only the simulated rain treatments at pH 5.0 or 4.0, and the chamber receiving O(3) and the rain treatment at pH 4.0. Also, no differences were noted in one-year-old needles in the chambers with SO(2) and simulated precipitation at pH 4.0 and SO(2) + O(3) and simulated precipitation at pH 4.0. Reductions of approximately 10 and 35% were measured in two-year-old needles from the chambers with SO(2) and precipitation at pH 4.0, and SO(2) + O(3) and precipitation at pH 4.0. The three-year-old needles from these chambers had 40% lower chlorophyll a content compared to the control chambers. No treatment effects were seen on the molar ratios of chlorophyll b, the carotenes, lutein, neoxanthin, and the sum of carotenoids involved in the xanthophyll cycle, violaxanthin + antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin, to chlorophyll [Formula: see text]. The xanthophyll cycle, assayed in one-year-old needles under defined light conditions (520 microE m(-2) s(-1), while light) was active in all samples. Needles from the control chambers and the chambers with SO(2) and with O(3) behaved similarly and differed from the SO(2) + O(3) treated needles by a 50% higher zeaxanthin content reached under light.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15092178&dopt=Abstract lutein [PubMed]



Oftalmologia. 2003;59(4):70-5.
[Neuroprotection with carotenoids in glaucoma]

[Article in Romanian]

Neacsu A, Oprean C, Curea M, Tuchila G, Trifu M.

PURPOSE: The aim of the paper was to assess the place of the natural carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin) in glaucoma optic neuropathy. METHODS: For this purpose, we carried out an experimental and prospective study, during 3 months, on 8 laboratory animals (Guinea pigs), which we increased the IOP, in both eyes, by cautery of two episcleral vessels. The animals were divided into treatment in two groups: the group I (5 Guinea pigs) which we modified their usual diets by adding 2 cps/day of IcapsL (6 mg lutein/zeaxanthin) and the group II (3 Guinea pigs)--control group, without increasing the diet with lutein and zeaxanthin. The statistical analysis was performed by Student's t test. RESULTS: Before the cautery of episcleral vessels, the mean IOP was 16.8 mm Hg in group I and 16.5 mm Hg in the group II; after the cautery of episcleral vessels, the mean IOP was 26.2 mm Hg in group I and 25.9 mm Hg in the group II (p = 0.004). At the end of the study, the levels of serum lutein were 0.64 mumol/L in group I and 0.22 mumol/L in group II. The loss of retinal ganglion cells was 18.9% in group I and 29.7% in martor group, in correlation with the cup/disc ratio: 0.37, respectively 0.51. Also, in the group II, the increase of IOP was associated at the myelin portion of optic nerve head with axonal degeneration in peripheral regions. CONCLUSIONS: Glaucoma optic neuropathy has a multifactorial pathogenesis, including the oxidative stress. Lutein and zeaxanthin, with its strong antioxidative effects, can represent a viable solution in the complex treatment of glaucoma.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15083692&dopt=Abstract lutein

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