Dream Pharm Mother Nature's Timesless Recipes Lutein

References online: Lutein

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Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Home| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: What is Lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: What does Lutein do for us ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Are we taking enough lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Are there other eye nutritions than Lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Role of Carotenoids| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Serum lutein and carotenoid level in response to taking dietary carotenoids| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein and Lung Function| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein and Congestive Heart Failure| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein, Lycopene, and Prostate Cancer| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein, carotenoids, and breast cancer| Lutein and Skin Cancer| Lutein: General Information Page| Lutein and Age-related Macular Degeneration| Lutein improves visual function in age-related cataracts patients| Lutein may be a nutritional factor for protecting lens in age-related cataracts patients| Intakes of antioxidants in coffee, wine, and vegetables are correlated with plasma carotenoids in humans.| Plasma Antioxidant Status, Immunoglobulin G Oxidation and Lipid Peroxidation in Demented Patients: Relevance to Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia.| Photo-oxidative stress in a xanthophyll-deficient mutant of Chlamydomonas.| Application of tristimulus colorimetry to estimate the carotenoids content in ultrafrozen orange juices.| Macular pigment: quantitative analysis on autofluorescence images.| QTL and candidate genes phytoene synthase and zeta-carotene desaturase associated with the accumulation of carotenoids in maize.| Thermal processing of vegetables increases cis isomers of lutein and zeaxanthin.| Serum vitamins and the subsequent risk of bladder cancer.| The relationship between dietary carotenoids and prostate cancer risk in Southeast Chinese men.| Macular pigments: their characteristics and putative role.| The effect of an acute phase response on tissue carotenoid levels of growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).| Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoids in retinal, choroidal, and macular dystrophies.| Assessment of carotenoid bioavailability of whole foods using a Caco-2 cell culture model coupled with an in vitro digestion.| Lutein, zeaxanthin, macular pigment, and visual function in adult cystic fibrosis patients.| Serum Carotenoid and Retinol Levels during Childhood Infections.| Chlorophyll, carotenoids and the activity of the xanthophyll cycle.| De-epoxidation of violaxanthin in light-harvesting complex I proteins.| Carotenogenesis during tuber development and storage in potato. rz.uni-potsdam.de

In mammals the composition of milk changes during early lactation, with a rapid decline of fat-soluble vitamins and a continuous increase in total lipids. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not well understood, but might involve selective mechanisms related to mammary uptake or secretion into the milk. Since carotenoids are specifically distributed among the lipoprotein fractions in plasma, the simultaneous determination of carotenoids in plasma, lipoprotein fractions and milk might offer an opportunity to gain insight into this phenomenon. In 21 healthy mothers carotenoids in plasma and lipoprotein fractions were investigated at day 2 and 19 and milk on day 4 and 19 after delivery. Plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol and cholesterol as well as lutein, zeaxanthin and cryptoxanthin were significantly lower later in lactation (day 19) than shortly after birth (P < 0.01). The stage of lactation had no effect on the distribution of carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol among the plasma lipoprotein fractions. In milk, triacylglycerol increased (P < 0.01). In contrast, levels of carotenoids, alpha-tocopherol and vitamin A were highest in colostrum and declined (P < 0.01). Because the magnitude of decrease was not the same in all carotenoids, the carotenoid pattern changed substantially. In colostrum the carotenoid pattern resembled those of plasma and the low-density lipoprotein fraction. In mature milk it was similar to the pattern found in the high density lipoprotein fraction. Based on these observations a selective mechanism might be responsible for the transfer of these components in milk involving different lipoprotein fractions at specific times of lactation.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14991268&dopt=Abstract lutein



J Nutr. 2004 Mar;134(3):562-7.
Intakes of antioxidants in coffee, wine, and vegetables are correlated with plasma carotenoids in humans.

Svilaas A, Sakhi AK, Andersen LF, Svilaas T, Strom EC, Jacobs DR Jr, Ose L, Blomhoff R.

Lipid Clinic, Medical Department, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

The consumption of fruits and vegetables reduces the risk of major chronic degenerative diseases. The active compounds and the mechanisms involved in this protective effect have not been well defined. The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of various food groups to total antioxidant intake, and to assess the correlations of the total antioxidant intake from various food groups with plasma antioxidants. We collected 7-d weighed dietary records in a group of 61 adults with corresponding plasma samples, and used data from a nationwide survey of 2672 Norwegian adults based on an extensive FFQ. The total intake of antioxidants was approximately 17 mmol/d with beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and vitamin C contributing <10%. The intake of coffee contributed approximately 11.1 mmol, followed by fruits (1.8 mmol), tea (1.4 mmol), wine (0.8 mmol), cereals (i.e., all grain containing foods; 0.8 mmol), and vegetables (0.4 mmol). The intake of total antioxidants was significantly correlated with plasma lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene. Among individual food groups, coffee, wine, and vegetables were significantly correlated with dietary zeaxanthin, beta-carotene, and alpha-carotene. These data agree with the hypothesis that dietary antioxidants other than the well-known antioxidants contribute to our antioxidant defense. Surprisingly, the single greatest contributor to the total antioxidant intake was coffee.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14988447&dopt=Abstract lutein



Physiol Biochem Zool. 2004 May-Jun;77(3):484-91.
Differential accumulation and pigmenting ability of dietary carotenoids in colorful finches.

McGraw KJ, Hill GE, Navara KJ, Parker RS.

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.

Many animals develop bright red, orange, or yellow carotenoid pigmentation that they use to attract mates. Colorful carotenoid pigments are acquired from the diet and are either directly incorporated as integumentary colorants or metabolized into other forms before deposition. Because animals often obtain several different carotenoids from plant and animal food sources, it is possible that these pigments are accumulated at different levels in the body and may play unique roles in shaping the ultimate color expression of individuals. We studied patterns of carotenoid accumulation and integumentary pigmentation in two colorful finch species--the American goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) and the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Both species acquire two main hydroxycarotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, from their seed diet but transform these into a series of metabolites that are used as colorful pigments in the plumage (goldfinches only) and beak (both species). We conducted a series of carotenoid-supplementation experiments to investigate the relative extent to which lutein and zeaxanthin are accumulated in blood and increase carotenoid coloration in feathers and bare parts. First, we supplemented the diets of both species with either lutein or zeaxanthin and measured plasma pigment status, feather carotenoid concentration (goldfinches only), and integumentary color. Zeaxanthin-supplemented males grew more colorful feathers and beaks than lutein-supplemented males, and in goldfinches incorporated a different ratio of carotenoids in feathers (favoring the accumulation of canary xanthophyll B). We also fed goldfinches different concentrations of a standard lutein-zeaxanthin mix and found that at physiologically normal and high concentrations, birds circulated proportionally more zeaxanthin over lutein than occurred in the diet. Collectively, these results demonstrate that zeaxanthin is preferentially accumulated in the body and serves as a more potent substrate for pigmentation than lutein in these finches.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15286921&dopt=Abstract lutein

jhmi.edu

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, and the relationship between dietary antioxidants and sarcopenia needs further elucidation. The aim was to determine whether dietary carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol are associated with sarcopenia, as indicated by low grip, hip, and knee strength. METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on 669 non-disabled to severely disabled community-dwelling women aged 70 to 79 who participated in the Women's Health and Aging Studies. Plasma carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol were measured. Grip, hip, and knee strength were measured, and low strength was defined as the lowest tertile of each strength measure. RESULTS: Higher plasma concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin were associated with reduced risk of low grip, hip, and knee strength. After adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, race, smoking, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and plasma interleukin-6 concentrations, there was an independent association for women in the highest compared with the lowest quartile of total carotenoids with low grip strength [Odds Ratios (OR) 0.34, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.20-0.59], low hip strength (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.16-0.48), and low knee strength (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.27-0.75), and there was an independent association for women in the highest compared with the lowest quartile of alpha-tocopherol with low grip strength (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24-0.78) and low knee strength (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29-0.95). CONCLUSIONS: Higher carotenoid and alpha-tocopherol status were independently associated with higher strength measures. These data support the hypothesis that oxidative stress is associated with sarcopenia in older adults, but further longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to establish causality.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14959951&dopt=Abstract lutein

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Hair loss is a problem of personal issues. Examining the factors of hair growth may shed light on how hair loss might occur.
How long can hair grow before it stops growing eventually?
Given that the hair growth rate is quite uniform and constant, somewhere between 0.3-0.5 millimeters per day, it's believed that the length of anagen, the growth phase, differs among individuals, and this is the major determinant to the maximum hair length. For some individuals, anagen may last ten years. Of course the length of the anagen is governed by genes, and the genetic background of the individuals. Non-genetic factors such as nutritional condition, weather, seasonal changes (hair may grow a bit faster during winter), taking medications, health condition may of course influence the rate of hair growth as well as hair loss.
The shape of the hair, straight or curly, is dependent on the shape of the follicle. A circular or round hair follicle would generate straight hair, while the follicle with oval or elliptical shapes (in its cross-section) would produce a curly hair.

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