Dream Pharm Mother Nature's Timesless Recipes Lutein

References online: Lutein

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Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Home| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: What is Lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: What does Lutein do for us ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Are we taking enough lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Are there other eye nutritions than Lutein ?| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Role of Carotenoids| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Serum lutein and carotenoid level in response to taking dietary carotenoids| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein and Lung Function| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein and Congestive Heart Failure| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein, Lycopene, and Prostate Cancer| Lutein and Eye Nutrition Center: Research Reports: Lutein, carotenoids, and breast cancer| Lutein and Skin Cancer| Lutein: General Information Page| Lutein and Age-related Macular Degeneration| Lutein improves visual function in age-related cataracts patients| Lutein may be a nutritional factor for protecting lens in age-related cataracts patients| Intakes of antioxidants in coffee, wine, and vegetables are correlated with plasma carotenoids in humans.| Plasma Antioxidant Status, Immunoglobulin G Oxidation and Lipid Peroxidation in Demented Patients: Relevance to Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia.| Photo-oxidative stress in a xanthophyll-deficient mutant of Chlamydomonas.| Application of tristimulus colorimetry to estimate the carotenoids content in ultrafrozen orange juices.| Macular pigment: quantitative analysis on autofluorescence images.| QTL and candidate genes phytoene synthase and zeta-carotene desaturase associated with the accumulation of carotenoids in maize.| Thermal processing of vegetables increases cis isomers of lutein and zeaxanthin.| Serum vitamins and the subsequent risk of bladder cancer.| The relationship between dietary carotenoids and prostate cancer risk in Southeast Chinese men.| Macular pigments: their characteristics and putative role.| The effect of an acute phase response on tissue carotenoid levels of growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).| Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoids in retinal, choroidal, and macular dystrophies.| Assessment of carotenoid bioavailability of whole foods using a Caco-2 cell culture model coupled with an in vitro digestion.| Lutein, zeaxanthin, macular pigment, and visual function in adult cystic fibrosis patients.| Serum Carotenoid and Retinol Levels during Childhood Infections.| Chlorophyll, carotenoids and the activity of the xanthophyll cycle.| De-epoxidation of violaxanthin in light-harvesting complex I proteins.| Carotenogenesis during tuber development and storage in potato.

Prog Retin Eye Res. 2004 Sep;23(5):533-59.
Macular pigments: their characteristics and putative role.

Davies NP, Morland AB.

Department of Ophthalmology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.

The macular pigments (MP) absorb light in the blue-green region of the visible spectrum and comprise two carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin. In humans the concentration of MP varies widely across the normal population. There are two (not mutually exclusive) proposed roles for MP: to improve visual function and to act as an antioxidant and protect the macula from damage by oxidative stress. In this article we review the origin, spectral characteristics and ocular distribution of MP and also discuss the effect MP has on central visual function and the techniques available for measurement of MP optical density in vivo. Finally, we review the evidence for both proposed physiological roles of MP. Considering the first of these, we conclude that although MP might improve visual function in theory, to date there is no firm evidence that higher levels of MP are correlated with enhanced measures of visual performance. There is a growing body of evidence that has highlighted associations between macular disease and low levels of MP, most particularly with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and with risk factors for AMD. However, all findings to date are associative only and there is no direct evidence for high MP levels conferring a protective effect. Increased dietary intake of MP gives rise to increased levels of serum and retinal MP. This, taken together with the associative evidence of low MP levels in disease, indicates that a potential, and perhaps serendipitous, therapeutic strategy for macular disease exists. We conclude, however, that the potential protective properties of MP will only be fully evaluated by undertaking longitudinal studies that follow initially healthy participants through to the development of macular disease.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15302350&dopt=Abstract lutein



Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2004 Aug 5 [Epub ahead of print]
UV-A mediated induction of carotenoid accumulation in Dunaliella bardawil with retention of cell viability.

Salguero A, Leon R, Mariotti A, De La Morena B, Vega JM, Vilchez C.

Dpto. Quimica y CCMM., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21071, Huelva, Spain.

The effect of adding UV-A radiation (320-400 nm) to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm) during growth of the photosynthetic marine microalga Dunaliella bardawil was investigated in this work in terms of cell growth and carotenoid production. Although signs of slow cell growth (slight reduction of chlorophyll and protein content) were observed after 24 h of cell exposure to UV-A (40 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1) and 70 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)) plus 140 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1) PAR, 84 h exposure to these UV-A conditions slightly stimulated cell growth and increased the photosynthetic efficiency of the exposed cultures. The enhanced cell growth was coupled with an increase in total carotenoid content. Besides beta-carotene as the major pigment, increases in the well-known antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin of about 3-fold and 5-fold, respectively, were determined in cultures exposed to UV-A radiation of 70 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)for 84 h. As a consequence, far from being negative to cell growth, low and medium UV-A radiation are stress factors that could be successfully applied to long-term processes for large scale carotenoid production using D. bardawil cultures with retention of cell viability. UV-A exposure has the advantage of being a factor either easily applied or removed as required, in contrast to other nutrient stresses, which require medium replacement for their application.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15300422&dopt=Abstract lutein

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between various micronutrients and laryngeal cancer risk. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in Italy and Switzerland between 1992 and 2000. Cases were 527 patients with incident cancer of larynx, admitted to the major teaching and general hospitals of the study areas. Controls were 1297 subjects admitted for acute, non-neoplastic diseases to the same network of hospitals. Dietary habits were assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Significant inverse relations emerged between laryngeal cancer risk and intake of vitamin C (OR = 0.2, for the highest versus the lowest intake quintile; 95% CI: 0.2-0.4), beta-carotene (OR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.2-0.4), alpha-carotene (OR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2-0.5), lutein/zeaxanthin (OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3-0.6), vitamin E (OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3-0.6), beta-criptoxanthin (OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.5), folic acid (OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.6), thiamin (OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3-0.6), glutathione (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4-0.8), reduced glutathione (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.8), vitamin B6 (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9) and potassium (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9). Direct associations were found with zinc (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.2) and vitamin D (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.6). Combining low intakes of vitamin C, carotene, vitamin E, and folate with heavy smoking and drinking led to ORs between 80 and 170. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further support that, independently from smoking and alcohol consumption, the intake of several micronutrients, including selected antioxidants, is inversely related to laryngeal cancer risk.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12946043&dopt=Abstract lutein



Photochem Photobiol. 2003 Aug;78(2):138-45.
Photophysical properties of xanthophylls in carotenoproteins from human retinas.

Billsten HH, Bhosale P, Yemelyanov A, Bernstein PS, Polivka T.

Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

The macula of the human retina contains high amounts of the xanthophyll carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin [a mixture of (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin and (3R,3'S-meso)-zeaxanthin]. Recently, it was shown that the uptake and the stabilization of zeaxanthin and lutein into the retina are likely to be mediated by specific xanthophyll-binding proteins (XBP). Here, we have used femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy to study the dynamics of the S1 state of these xanthophylls in xanthophyll-enriched and native XBP. The results from the native XBP and the enriched XBP were then compared with those for carotenoids in organic solvents and in detergent micelles. Steady-state and transient absorption spectra show that the incorporation of xanthophylls into the protein causes a redshift of the spectra, which is stronger for lutein than for zeaxanthin. The transient absorption spectra further indicate that a part of the xanthophylls remains unbound in the xanthophyll-enriched XBP. The transient absorption spectra of the native XBP prove the presence of both xanthophylls in native XBP. Although the S1 lifetime of lutein does not exhibit any changes when measured in solution, micelles or XBP, we have observed the influence of the environment on the S1 lifetime of meso-zeaxanthin, which has a longer (12 ps) lifetime in XBP than in solution (9 ps). The most pronounced effect was found for vibrational relaxation in the S1 state, which is significantly slower for xanthophylls in XBP compared with micelles and solution. This effect is more pronounced for meso-zeaxanthin, suggesting a specific site of binding of this carotenoid to XBP.

lutein online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12945581&dopt=Abstract lutein

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The average human scalp is covered by approximatey 100,000 hair follicles. Each hair undergoes hair cycle and normally 50-100 hairs randomly fall out a day, which is unnoticeable because lost hair is replaced by as many new hairs springing up daily. Hair loss results from the fall out of hair from the hair follicle. Alopecia or excessive, premature hair loss is the condition caused by many factors.
Loss of hair itself may not pose critical health problems because biological role of human hair is relatively marginal. Hair on our scalp protects the head from mechanical shock, heat loss, and exposure to UV-light. The eyelashes and eyebrowes protect the eyes, and hair in the ear canal or the nasal passages help filter out particles and pathogens, thus protecting our internal organs.
However, hair does play important social role: it is one of the major determinants of our appearance and identity in daily life. Fullness of hair also implicates or manifests physical integrity and youthfulness of the person. Losing hair could have more than just emotional impacts on individuals.
The hair is a unique organ that goes through a characteristic cycle consisting of an immature phase, a growing phase called anagen, a transitional phase between the growing phase and the resting phase called catagen, and finally a resting phase called telogen in which the hair stops growing, waiting to fall out. 85-90% of hairs on our body are in anagen phase or growing phase, which lasts anywhere from two to five years. This phase is followed by a short regression phase, or catagen, which lasts 2-3 weeks. Approximately 1% of hair follicles are in catagen. Approximately 10-15% of hair follicles are in the resting phase, the telogen, which lasts about 3-5 months. Hair follicles typically goes through 10-20 asynchronous cycles during the lifetime.
Persistent loss of more than 150 hairs would consist a state of hair loss, or alopecia, albeit it could be temporary.

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