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Biology of Hair Growth


Factors influencing Hair Growth

What regulates hair growth There are too many factors that affect hair growth to list them all here. Various pages on this site list different groups of factors that modify hair follicle activity. In terms of products naturally produced by the body, the key factors that affect hair growth are hormones and cytokines. Hair follicles have receptors for androgens and estrogens that can each affect hair follicle activity. Other hormones including those derived from the thyroid and the pituitary glands can also have significant effects. In addition, there are other naturally produced chemcials called cytokines that act on cells in a hormone-like manner. Below is a table listing hormones and the more common cytokines and their action on hair follicles.

Endogenous substances that affect hair growth Substance Site of action Effect on hair growth Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) Dermal papilla Increase Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) Dermal papilla Increase Transforming growth factor beta (TGF- beta) Dermal papilla Decrease Interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1- alpha) Hair matrix Decrease Fibroblast growth factor type 5 (FGF5) Hair matrix Decrease Epidermal growth factor (EGF) Hair matrix Decrease Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) Hair matrix Increase Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) Hair matrix Increase Substance P Unknown Increase Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Unknown Decrease Estrogens Unknown Decrease


What regulates the hair growth (clock) cycle Although human hair follicles apparently cycle through growth and rest independently of each other there must be a mechanism to promote anagen hair growth and the involution of the hair follicle to a resting stage. Clues to the basics of this mechanism have been known about for many years. Any form of skin damage will force telogen hair follicles in rodents into anagen growth in and around the site of injury. Any damage would induce temporary hair growth. As the injury heals so the hair follicles go back to normal. There is similar evidence that injury in humans will also promote growth and induce anagen if the hair follicles are in telogen. Stimulation can come from cuts, scrapes, heat/chemical burns including sun burn, limited local necrosis, and some forms of skin irritation.

Hair Growth Related Resources

  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12227482&dopt=Abstract Ref: J Dermatol 2002 Aug;29(8):489-98 - Comparative efficacy of various treatment regimens for androgenetic alopecia in men.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12223968&dopt=Abstract Ref: Ann Dermatol Venereol 2002 May;129(5 Pt 2):837-40 - Indications for micrograft hair transplantation.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12223967&dopt=Abstract Ref: Ann Dermatol Venereol 2002 May;129(5 Pt 2):831-6 - Alopecia areata: update on therapy.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12223960&dopt=Abstract Ref: Ann Dermatol Venereol 2002 May;129(5 Pt 2):787-92 - Hormonal interaction and hair growth.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12223959&dopt=Abstract Ref: Ann Dermatol Venereol 2002 May;129(5 Pt 2):783-6 - Implication of VEGF, steroid hormones and neuropeptides in hair follicle cell responses.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12213548&dopt=Abstract Ref: Exp Gerontol 2002 Aug;37(8-9):981 - Molecular mechanisms of androgenetic alopecia.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12207609&dopt=Abstract Ref: Br J Dermatol 2002 Sep;147(3):598-601 - Follicular and epidermal alterations in patients treated with ZD1839 (Iressa), an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12204716&dopt=Abstract Ref: Surv Ophthalmol 2002 Aug;47 Suppl 1:S185-202 - Prostaglandin-induced hair growth.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12196747&dopt=Abstract Ref: J Am Acad Dermatol 2002 Sep;47(3):377-85 - A randomized clinical trial of 5% topical minoxidil versus 2% topical minoxidil and placebo in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12190949&dopt=Abstract Ref: Exp Dermatol 2002 Aug;11(4):381-5 - Simple and rapid method to isolate and culture follicular papillae from human scalp hair follicles.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12167223&dopt=Abstract Ref: Tissue Eng 2002 Jun;8(3):359-66 - Promoted growth of murine hair follicles through controlled release of basic fibroblast growth factor.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12013184&dopt=Abstract Ref: Biomaterials 2002 Jun;23(11):2367-73 - Promoted growth of murine hair follicles through controlled release of vascular endothelial growth factor.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11918709&dopt=Abstract Ref: J Invest Dermatol 2002 Apr;118(4):631-8 - Targeted expression of human vitamin d receptor in the skin promotes the initiation of the postnatal hair follicle cycle and rescues the alopecia in vitamin D receptor null mice.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11915519&dopt=Abstract Ref: Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2002 Mar;119(3):167-74 - Hair growth effect of minoxidil.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11886493&dopt=Abstract Ref: J Invest Dermatol 2001 Dec;117(6):1342-8 - Steroid sulfatase in the human hair follicle concentrates in the dermal papilla.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11817058&dopt=Abstract Ref: J Vet Intern Med 2001 Nov-Dec;15(6):539-46 - The effects of thyroid hormones on the skin of beagle dogs.
  • Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11798194&dopt=Abstract Ref: Biochem Biophys Res Commun 200
  • What is hair?
  • Curly Hair
  • Biology of hair growth and development.
  • The phenomenon of hair loss.
  • Methods and treatments for hair loss and baldness.
  • Drugs and hair transplantation surgery for hair loss and baldness.
  • Hair loss linked to other health problems
  • Baldness by choice and fashion
  • Alopecia info.
  • Alopecia treatment info.
  • Alopecia treatment info.
  • Hair care info.
  • Hair loss and alopecia research articles: abstracts and source links.

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