skin-care-1.matches: skin care
Cosmetic allergy: incidence, diagnosis, and management.

Orton DI, Wilkinson JD.

Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Unit, Department of Dermatology, Amersham Hospital, Amersham, Buckinghamshire, UK.

A recent epidemiologic survey in the UK revealed that 23% of women and 13.8% of men experience some sort of adverse reaction to a personal care product over the course of a year. Although most of these reactions may be due to subjective sensory irritation, various studies reveal that up to 10% of dermatologic patients who are patch tested are allergic to cosmetic products or their constituent ingredients. Causative products include deodorants and perfumes, skin care products, hair care products, and nail cosmetics. Allergic contact dermatitis mainly results from fragrance chemicals and preservatives. Recent work has suggested that additional fragrance chemicals may need to be tested in order to identify those patients 'missed' by the current fragrance mix; in particular, hydroxy-isohexyl-3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HMPPC Lyral) has been singled out as an important sensitizing agent. The increased usage of natural fragrances and botanic extracts can also cause problems in their own right or through co-reactivity. The preservative methyldibromo glutaronitrile has also been recognized as an increasingly important sensitizer in Europe, which has led to the recent recommendation that it should be prohibited from 'leave-on' products until information on 'safe' consumer levels becomes available. Other emerging allergens include UV filters, tosylamide/formaldehyde resin, and nail acrylates.The diagnosis of cosmetic allergy should be confirmed with patch testing, including testing of 'whole' products, when necessary, and repeat open application tests can be used to confirm the relevance of reactions in cases of doubt.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15554734&dopt=Abstract skin, skin care, skin care medicine skin-care-5.matches: skin care
[Preternatural anus and its care (author's transl)]

[Article in German]

Koch G, Winkler R.

The most careful surgical technique, the guiding principles of which are outlined, is a prerequisite for the subsequent possibilities for correct care of preternatural anus and for preventing otherwise unavoidable complications. Four different programs are available to us for care; truss pad, adhesive bag, irrigation therapy and the Erlanger magnetic closure. For prophylaxis of frequent hernias and prolapses, wearing a made-to-measure body binder is indispensable. Skin lesions, formerly feared concomitant symptoms, can now be prevented or eliminated as a result of the development of non-irritant adhesives, combinations with sterculia rings or adhesive plasters and differentiated skin care products. A more comprehensive organization of those with preternatural anus within the framework of the German Ilco and the establishment of preternatural anus clinics and therapists would be desirable.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=185514&dopt=Abstract skin, skin care, skin care medicine skin-care-5.matches: skin care
Classification of nursing interventions for care of the integument.

Titler MG, Pettit D, Bulechek GM, McCloskey JC, Craft MJ, Cohen MZ, Crossley JD, Denehy JA, Glick OJ, Kruckeberg TW, et al.

The Classification of Nursing Interventions research team at The University of Iowa, College of Nursing is building a taxonomy of nursing interventions that will include all of the direct care treatment activities that nurses perform on behalf of patients. This report describes the study in which 12 nursing interventions and their associated activities for care of the integument were extracted from a large database and validated through a two-round Delphi survey. Using an adaptation of Fehring's model for determining diagnostic content validity of nursing diagnoses, a definition, critical activities, and supporting activities were developed for each of the following interventions: Bathing, Bedrest Care, Hair Care, Nail Care, Oral Health Maintenance, Oral Health Promotion, Oral Health Restoration, Positioning, Pressure Management, Skin Care--Topical Treatments, Skin Surveillance, and Wound Care. Further research is needed to validate supporting activities and to continue classifying interventions and activities that nurses use in treating impaired skin integrity (potential and actual) and altered oral mucous membrane integrity (potential and actual).

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1873100&dopt=Abstract skin, skin care, skin care medicine skin-care-5.matches: skin care
Effects of skin contactants on evolution of atopic dermatitis in children: a case control study.

Macharia WM, Anabwani GM, Owili DM.

Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

There is little published literature on the effects of skin contactants during early infancy on eventual development of atopic dermatitis (AD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a relationship exists between the use of skin care products in early infancy and the subsequent development of AD. We studied a group of 54 Kenyan children with AD and 63 age and sex matched controls. Emollients had been used to lubricate the skin during early infancy in a similar proportion of children in both groups (odds ratio = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.14, 0.80). Similarly, no association was found between the use of toilet soaps or laundry detergents in early infancy and development of AD. These findings suggest that baby soaps and vaseline petroleum jelly can safely be used in the skin care of AD susceptible individuals.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1926547&dopt=Abstract skin, skin care, skin care medicine skin-care-5.matches: skin care
Goretex fabric as a cast underliner in children.

Kruse RW, Fracchia M, Boos M, Guille JT, Bowen JR.

Alfred I. duPont Institute, Wilmington, Delaware 19899.

The efficacy of using Goretex fabric as a cast liner to improve skin care was evaluated. A prospective study was performed of 20 patients undergoing casting using Goretex underliners. At each cast change or at the end of casting, skin condition was evaluated. No change in any standard treatment protocol regarding cast changes was made because of the Goretex liner. Goretex fabric provided improved ease of care and prevented cast soiling. The breathability of the fabric was believed to be a benefit in decreasing skin irritation.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1960208&dopt=Abstract skin, skin care, skin care medicine skin-care-5.matches: skin care
Why aging leads to increased susceptibility to infection.

Terpenning MS, Bradley SF.

Division of Geriatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor.

The elderly are predisposed to various infections through a multitude of factors. Although intrinsic, unalterable defects occur in the aging immune system and nonspecific host defenses, there are factors that physician and patient can concentrate on to reduce the risk of infection. For example, meticulous attention to skin care can reduce the risk of soft tissue infection. Improvement in oral hygiene and relief of xerostomia might promote recolonization with normal oral flora. Correction of urinary tract obstruction where possible, relying on the use of indwelling urinary catheters only when necessary, can significantly reduce the risk of UTIs. Medications that impair cognitive function should be prescribed judiciously, since they can promote aspiration with subsequent pneumonia, xerostomia, and urinary retention. Correction of protein malnutrition may improve cell-mediated immunity and skin integrity, thereby reducing the risk of infection. The signs and symptoms of infection in the aged may be subtle. Therefore, the primary care physician should approach this susceptible population with a heightened clinical suspicion, thus expediting possibly life-saving early diagnosis and treatment.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1991623&dopt=Abstract skin, skin care, skin care medicine skin-care-5.matches: skin care
Newborn chemical exposure from over-the-counter skin care products.

Cetta F, Lambert GH, Ros SP.

Department of Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153.

Human exposure to potentially toxic environmental chemicals is a major concern to our society. Over-the-counter (OTC) skin care products are a potential source of environmental chemical exposure to newborns. A prospective study was undertaken to define existing newborn bathing practices and quantitate environmental chemical exposure from OTC skin care products. One hundred-ninety six mothers of infants discharged from our newborn nursery were asked to respond to a questionnaire concerning newborn bathing practices and OTC skin care product usage. Complete questionnaires were returned by 23% of the mothers. The average newborn had 8 +/- 3 (+/- SEM) skin care products applied with the resultant exposure to 48 +/- 18 different environmental chemicals. Forty-seven percent of our respondents used a baby powder. The average one month old was bathed 4 times a week and was shampooed 3 times weekly. Seventy-eight percent of the respondents reported that their newborn had a rash but only 45% of those reporting a rash sought professional medical advice. Thirty-seven percent of the mothers reporting a rash made a change in bathing practice or product selection. In view of our findings, the human newborn is exposed to a large number of environmental chemicals thorough topical OTC preparations. The efficacy, transcutaneous absorption and potential toxicity of these products should be investigated.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2044337&dopt=Abstract skin, skin care, skin care medicine