skin-care-5.matches: skin care
Bridging: an effective and practical method of preventive skin care for the immobilized person.

Stewart P, Wharton GW.

Various methods have been used in an attempt to decrease prolonged pressure on skin, especially over bony prominences, and thus prevent pressure sores in immobilized patients: turning frames, circle beds, flotation beds, and special mattresses. Bridging is one means of relieving pressure on bony prominences which is both simple and inexpensive. Through the proper positioning of pillows, a patient is supported above the surface of the bed with free space between the bony prominences and the bed surface. Several different positions for pressure relief are possible. Advantages of the technic include its low cost, patient acceptance, lack of mechanical components which can fail, and ease of training personnel or family members to carry it out.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1019647&dopt=Abstract skin, skin care, skin care medicine skin-care-1.matches: skin care
Moist skin care can diminish acute radiation-induced skin toxicity.

Momm F, Weissenberger C, Bartelt S, Henke M.

Department of Radiation Therapy, Radiologic University Hospital, Freiburg i. Br., Germany. momm mst1.ukl.uni-freiburg.de

BACKGROUND: Radiation treatment may induce acute skin reactions. There are several methods of managing them. Validity of these methods, however, is not sufficiently studied. We therefore investigated, whether moist skin care with 3% urea lotion will reduce acute radiation skin toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 88 patients with carcinomas of the head and neck undergoing radiotherapy with curative intent (mean total dose 60 Gy, range: 50-74 Gy) were evaluated weekly for acute skin reactions according to the RTOG-CTC score. In 63 patients, moist skin care with 3% urea lotion was performed. The control group consisted of 25 patients receiving conventional dry skin care. The incidence of grade I, II, and III reactions and the radiation dose at occurrence of a particular reaction were determined and statistically analyzed using the log-rank test. The dose-time relations of individual skin reactions are described. RESULTS: At some point of time during radiotherapy, all patients suffered from acute skin reactions grade I, > 90% from grade II reactions. 50% of patients receiving moist skin care experienced grade I reactions at 26 Gy as compared to 22 Gy in control patients (p = 0.03). Grade II reactions occurred at 51 Gy versus 34 Gy (p = 0.006). Further, 22% of the patients treated with moist skin care suffered from acute skin toxicity grade III as compared to 56% of the controls (p = 0.0007). CONCLUSION: Moist skin care with 3% urea lotion delays the occurrence and reduces the grade of acute skin reactions in percutaneously irradiated patients with head and neck tumors.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14566480&dopt=Abstract skin, skin care, skin care medicine skin-care-1.matches: skin care
Are adverse skin reactions to cosmetics underestimated in the clinical assessment of contact dermatitis? A prospective study among 1075 patients attending Swedish patch test clinics.

Lindberg M, Tammela M, Bostrom A, Fischer T, Inerot A, Sundberg K, Berne B.

Department of Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. magnus.lindberg smd.sll.se

It is known that cosmetics and skin care products can cause adverse skin reactions. However, the frequency of adverse reactions reported to the Medical Product Agency (MPA) in Sweden is low. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of adverse skin reactions to cosmetics among patients referred for standard patch testing owing to suspected contact dermatitis in general, most frequently hand eczema. Consecutive patients at four patch test clinics in Sweden were invited to participate; 1075 were included. Of these, 47.3% (54.2% women and 30.8% men) reported current or previous adverse skin reactions to cosmetics and skin care products. This group showed significantly more positive patch test reactions, a higher prevalence of atopic dermatitis and the dermatitis was more frequently located in the face and neck region. Our results show that patients referred for standard patch testing have--or have had--a large proportion of self-reported adverse reactions to cosmetics or skin care products. We conclude that among patients with suspected contact dermatitis, adverse reactions to cosmetics can be a more important aetiological and/or complicating factor than is commonly acknowledged and that the reporting of such reactions to the MPA probably can be improved.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15339074&dopt=Abstract skin, skin care, skin care medicine skin-care-5.matches: skin care
Adjunctive measures in rhinoplasty.

Simons RL.

Modern day rhinoplasty demands more than a plan for a new nose. It requires consideration of the individual in terms of a new facial image. Adjacent skeletal and soft tissue weaknesses must be evaluated along with the primary nasal deformity. Frequently facial disharmonies may be corrected with relatively simple operative procedures or with cosmetics. When the procedure does not measurably increase the operative time, postoperative morbidity, or financial cose of the rhinoplasty, it will be more readily accepted by the patient. These criteria are considered in the suggested methods of chin augmentation with alloplastic implants and reduction mentoplasty, utilizing the intraoral subapical horizontal osteotomy of the mandible. At times, simple methods of camouflage will be inadequate. Significant jaw disharmony with unacceptable occlusion requires the interdisciplinary teamwork of the orthodontist, the surgeon, and possibly the prosthodontist. In these cases rhinoplasty waits upon skeletal and dental realignment. Almost without exception, the rhinoplasty patient appreciates and profits from the surgeon's concern over her general appearance. Advice regarding skin care, makeup, hair styling, and facial rejuvenation frequently aids that person in attaining a happy and satisfying rhinoplastic experience.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1178201&dopt=Abstract skin, skin care, skin care medicine skin-care-5.matches: skin care
A stomal appliance for provisional ileostomy in neonates of low weight at birth who require temporary ileostomy.

Beder OE, Stevenson JK.

In the surgical treatment of infants of low weight at birth for various congenital or acquired intestinal defects, it occasionally becomes necessary to divert intestinal contents by temporary ileostomy. There are no commercially available stomal appliances that are suitable for patients of this size. A rapid and easy method of constructing such an appliance is presented. The appliance protects peristomal skin, reduces nursing skin care time, and provides an easy and efficient method of collecting and measuring stomal affluent.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1275152&dopt=Abstract skin, skin care, skin care medicine skin-care-5.matches: skin care
Modern treatment of lymphoedema. I. Complex physical therapy: the first 200 Australian limbs.

Casley-Smith JR, Casley-Smith JR.

Henry Thomas Laboratory, University of Adelaide, South Australia.

Complex Physical Therapy (CPT) is discussed and its principles outlined. CPT involves: 1. skin care, 2. a special lymphatic massage, 3. compression bandaging and (later) garments, 4. special exercises which supplement the massage. CPT was used on 78 patients with postmastectomy lymphoedema (17 with Grade 1 and 61 with Grade 2). There were significant differences between the Grades. In the first four-week course the mean Grade 1 was reduced from 121% of normal to 107% (the mean change in the oedema was 103% of its initial value), and Grade 2 from 153% to 123% (with a mean change in oedema of 60%). All these were very highly significant. Over the next year there was a small, but very significant, decrease in the percentage of oedema. A further four-week course resulted in significant, and similar, reductions in the residual oedema. CPT was used to treat 128 lymphoedematous legs; 22 were Grade 1 lymphoedema, 84 were Grade 2 and 19 were elephantitic (Grade 3). After the first course of CPT the mean losses were: 1.1, 1.3 and 3.7 litres, respectively (all very significant). Over the next 11 months there were significant further reductions for all legs and in the amount of oedema of the unilateral legs. Some patients had a second course of CPT with similar reductions in the remaining oedema to that after the first course.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1294054&dopt=Abstract skin, skin care, skin care medicine skin-care-1.matches: skin care
Effect of camellia oil on the permeation of flurbiprofen and diclofenac sodium through rat and pig skin.

Wang A, Seki T, Yuan D, Saso Y, Hosoya O, Chono S, Morimoto K.

Hokkaido College of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan.

The effect of camellia oil on the permeation of flurbiprofen (FP) and diclofenac sodium (DFS), used as model drugs, through rat and pig skin was examined. Two different types of camellia oil were used: one of them was purified by distillation and the other was purified by filtration without heating. The distilled camellia oil (DCO) and the filtered camellia oil (FCO) were applied to the skin as a pretreatment. Permeation of FP through the skins pretreated with FCO and DCO was enhanced, while that of DFS was suppressed. The effects of FCO were greater than those of DCO as far as enhancement and suppression were concerned. The effect of FCO on FP permeation could be due to oleic acid, one of the major components of FCO. On the other hand, FCO and oleic acid had opposite effects on the penetration of DFS. This result suggests that other active components which suppress the permeation of DFS may be present in FCO. Since the penetration-suppressing agents will be useful for skin care products, studies of such agents will be important in the future.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15340244&dopt=Abstract skin, skin care, skin care medicine