lower-cholesterol-27.matches:
lower cholesterol
Programming of cholesterol metabolism by breast or formula feeding.

Mott GE, Lewis DS, McGill HC Jr.

Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7750.

We tested the hypothesis that breast or formula feeding and cholesterol intake during the neonatal period influence cholesterol metabolism and arterial fatty streaks in young adult baboons. Genetic variation was controlled by randomly assigning half-sib sire progeny to a factorial dietary design. We measured serum cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations enzymically and cholesterol production and bile acid excretion rates isotopically. The bile cholesterol saturation index was calculated from enzymic analyses of cholesterol, bile salt and phospholipid concentrations in gallbladder bile. Breast-fed baboons had higher serum VLDL + LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratios in the early postweaning period (six months) until adulthood (7-8 years) than formula-fed baboons. In adulthood a high cholesterol diet increased bile acid excretion by approximately 40% in formula-fed baboons but did not significantly increase the bile acid excretion rate among breast-fed animals. Adult baboons breast fed as infants also had an approximately 8% lower cholesterol production rate than formula-fed animals and a 20% higher bile cholesterol saturation index. The level of cholesterol in the infant formulas influenced cholesterol metabolism in adulthood but not serum lipoprotein concentrations. As young adults, breast-fed baboons had more extensive arterial fatty streaks than formula-fed baboons. This difference could be accounted for by differences in the lipoprotein ratios. These results demonstrate that breast and formula feeding differentially modify cholesterol metabolism. This may influence the development of chronic diseases.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1855416&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-27.matches:
lower cholesterol
Associations between breast cancer, plasma triglycerides, and cholesterol.

Potischman N, McCulloch CE, Byers T, Houghton L, Nemoto T, Graham S, Campbell TC.

Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.

A case-control study investigating the association between plasma lipids and breast cancer was conducted among women aged 30-80 in Buffalo, NY. All eligible women from a large breast clinic and two area physicians' offices were requested to participate over a one-year period. Subjects completed a health questionnaire and donated a fasting blood sample prior to diagnostic breast biopsies. The 83 women found to have breast cancer (cases) had significantly higher plasma triglyceride values than did the 113 women found not to have breast cancer (controls). Lower plasma beta-carotene values were associated with breast cancer, but only in those women with elevated triglyceride or cholesterol. Plasma cholesterol values were lower in those breast cancer cases presenting with more advanced stages of cancer, suggesting that metabolic effects of clinical and preclinical breast cancer may lower cholesterol levels. Although the limitations of case-control studies are well-recognized, these data suggest an etiologic role for plasma triglycerides and beta-carotene or for related dietary factors.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1866314&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-27.matches:
lower cholesterol
Association of DNA-haplotypes in the human LDL-receptor gene with normal serum cholesterol levels.

Schuster H, Humphries S, Rauh G, Held C, Keller C, Wolfram G, Zollner N.

Medizinische Poliklinik, Universitat Munich, Germany, UK.

For the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), many mutations have been characterized which identify this gene as one with an important role in lipid metabolism in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Genetic heterogeneity at this locus raises the possibility that the LDLR may also contribute to variation in cholesterol levels in the normocholesterolemic population. We have determined genotypes at the LDLR locus using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected with the enzymes StuI, ApalI, PvuII and NcoI in 324 normocholesterolemic individuals from Germany. A significant association (p less than 0.01) was detected between the cutting site for the PvuII RFLP and lower cholesterol levels, and variation associated with this polymorphism explains 3% of the sample variance in cholesterol levels. In family studies we have determined four-RFLP haplotypes of 148 independent LDLR genes and have observed 9 haplotypes in the population. Three of these haplotypes containing the cutting site for PvuII are associated with a reduction in plasma LDL-cholesterol levels. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that these three haplotypes are related by evolutionary history, and this suggests that a single functionally important sequence change in the LDLR explains our observations. Our data confirm other reports and strongly suggest that the LDLR locus may be one of those genes involved in determining serum cholesterol levels in the normal population.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1981179&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-27.matches:
lower cholesterol
Mitochondrial contact sites. Lipid composition and dynamics.

Ardail D, Privat JP, Egret-Charlier M, Levrat C, Lerme F, Louisot P.

Department of Biochemistry, University of Lyon, France.

Two membrane fractions of intermediate density between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from osmotically lysed mitochondria and mitoplasts of liver. These fractions were characterized by the presence of both monamine oxidase and cytochrome c oxidase activities and bound hexokinase. 1) The content of the fractions in proteins and lipids was assessed by biochemical determination. Thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography showed that the two contact site-enriched fractions contain predominantly phosphatidylcholine (31%), phosphatidylethanolamine (27%, half-unsaturated), and cardiolipin (27%, fully unsaturated). 2) The dynamics of the fractions were assessed by fluorescence polarization techniques using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as a probe and by fluorescence decay measurements. We have verified that differences in static anisotropy cannot be exclusively attributed to differences in fluorescence lifetimes. On the contrary, the results indicated an increased lipid mobility in "inner membrane contact sites," which is probably related to a lower cholesterol to phospholipid ratio, as well as a lower saturation of the fatty acyl chains when compared with "outer membrane contact sites." Taken all together, the spectroscopic measurements confirm the biochemical results, leading to the idea that the two populations of contact sites have different physicochemical properties, which are probably mainly determined by the membrane from which they are derived. They constitute microdomains enriched either in inner or outer mitochondrial membranes.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2172233&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-27.matches:
lower cholesterol
Effects of linoleic and gamma-linolenic acids (efamol evening primrose oil) on fatty acid-binding proteins of rat liver.

Dutta-Roy AK, Demarco AC, Raha SK, Shay J, Garvey M, Horrobin DF.

Efamol Research Institute, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada.

We have studied the effects of Efamol evening primrose oil (EPO) on fatty acid-binding proteins (L-FABP) of rat liver. EPO contains 72% cis-linoleic acid and 9% cis-gamma linolenic acid. EPO has been clinically used for treatment of a number of diseases in humans and animals. EPO is also known to lower cholesterol level in humans and animals. Feeding of an EPO supplemented diet to rats (n = 9) for 2 months decreases the oleate binding capacity of purified L-FABP of rat liver whereas the palmitate binding activity was increased by 38%. However, EPO feeding did not alter the L-FABP concentrations significantly as measured by using the fluorescence fatty acid probe, dansylamino undecanoic acid. Endogenous fatty acid analysis of L-FABPs revealed significant qualitative and quantitative changes in fatty acid pattern after EPO feeding. EPO feeding decreased the endogenous palmitate level by 53% and oleate level by 64% in L-FABPs and also EPO feeding decreased the total endogenous fatty acid content from 62 nanomole per mg of protein to 42 nanomole per mg of L-FABP (n = 3).

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2176271&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-27.matches:
lower cholesterol
Comparison of breast-feeding and formula feeding on intestinal and hepatic cholesterol metabolism in neonatal pigs.

Jones PJ, Hrboticky N, Hahn P, Innis SM.

Division of Human Nutrition, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Infant formulas (IFs) contain reduced cholesterol concentrations compared with breast milk (SM); how neonatal cholesterol metabolism responds to this difference is largely unknown. The effect of exclusive feeding of SM vs low-cholesterol IF on intestinal and hepatic cholesterol concentrations and synthesis during early postnatal development were compared in piglets. Animals were killed at birth or on days 5, 10, 15, or 25 postpartum. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were higher in SM-fed than in IF-fed piglets on days 15 and 25. In intestine both HMG-CoA reductase activity and 3H2O incorporation rates into cholesterol were similar for both groups or reduced in the IF-fed group at days 15 and 25. In liver, HMG-CoA reductase activity was higher in IF-fed than in SM-fed piglets on days 5, 10, and 15. Results indicate that during the early postpartum period, response to lower cholesterol intakes with IF occurs by increasing hepatic sterol synthesis whereas intestinal synthesis is largely unaffected.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2349934&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-27.matches:
lower cholesterol
Cholesterol-lowering effect of hydroxychloroquine in patients with rheumatic disease: reversal of deleterious effects of steroids on lipids.

Wallace DJ, Metzger AL, Stecher VJ, Turnbull BA, Kern PA.

Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center/UCLA School of Medicine.

PURPOSE: The effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and high- (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 155 women were divided into the following treatment groups: Group A: patients taking HCQ and no steroids (n = 58); Group B: patients taking steroids and no HCQ (n = 35); Group C: patients receiving both HCQ and steroids (n = 18); and Group D: patients receiving neither HCQ nor steroids (n = 44). RESULTS: HCQ therapy had a high statistical association with low serum levels of cholesterol (181 mg/dL; p = 0.0006), triglycerides (106 mg/dL; p = 0.0459), and LDL (101 mg/dL; p = 0.0004), irrespective of concomitant steroid administration. The HCQ-treated group (A) had lower cholesterol (181 mg/dL; p = 0.0039) and LDL (101 mg/dL; p = 0.007) levels than those receiving neither HCQ nor steroids (205 mg/dL) and 128 mg/dL) (Group D). No HDL differences were observed. CONCLUSION: The effects of HCQ do not appear to be due to changes in diet or weight, and the drug was well tolerated. Although the mechanism of cholesterol lowering by HCQ is not known, this drug deserves further investigation for its lipid-lowering properties.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2393036&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-27.matches:
lower cholesterol
Tamoxifen use, oestrogen binding and serum lipids in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.

Ingram D.

University Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia.

Tamoxifen is widely used in the management of breast cancer, including long-term use in women with early disease to reduce recurrence and mortality. Although remarkably side-effect free, concern has been expressed that its anti-oestrogen activity may extend to lipid metabolism and so result in the premature development of coronary heart disease. In a study of breast cancer patients, those taking Tamoxifen tended to have lower cholesterol concentrations (predominantly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and raised triglyceride concentrations. These changes are likely to be protective for coronary heart disease, suggesting Tamoxifen has an oestrogenic rather than anti-oestrogenic effect as regards lipid metabolism.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2396945&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-2.matches:
lower cholesterol
Improvement in erectile function in men with organic erectile dysfunction by correction of elevated cholesterol levels: a clinical observation.

Saltzman EA, Guay AT, Jacobson J.

Center for Sexual Function, Endocrinology Department, Lahey Clinic Northshore, Peabody, Massachusetts 01960, USA.

PURPOSE: We determined that use of a statin drug to lower cholesterol would improve erectile function in men who have hypercholesterolemia as the only risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18 men were determined to have increased cholesterol as the only risk factor for ED by history, system review, physical examination and laboratory analysis. Nine of these men agreed to participate in the study. Organic ED was verified by abnormal nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity testing with the RigiScan (UroHealth Systems, Inc., Laguna Niguel, California) and Sexual Health Inventory in Men questionnaire. Subjects were given atorvastatin with a goal decrease of total cholesterol to less than 200 mg/dl and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to less than 120 mg/dl. RigiScan measurements were compared before and after treatment with atrovastatin. RESULTS: Mean age +/- SD was 49.7 +/- 7.4 years. Mean length of treatment with atrorvastatin was 3.7 +/- 2.1 months. Clinically 8 of the 9 men had improved erection adequate for penetration during sexual intercourse. Mean questionnaire scores improved from 14.2 to 20.7 (p <0.001). Mean total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly after treatment (p <0.001). RigiScan measurements showed an increased average penile rigidity at the base (p <0.001) and tip (p <0.005) after treatment with atorvastatin. CONCLUSIONS: Erectile function improves in men with hypercholesterolemia as the only risk factor for ED when treated with atorvastatin. Treating hypercholesterolemia may improve ED, while promoting primary cardiac prevention.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15201788&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-2.matches:
lower cholesterol
Total serum cholesterol and suicidality in anorexia nervosa.

Favaro A, Caregaro L, Di Pascoli L, Brambilla F, Santonastaso P.

Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

OBJECTIVE: No published study has evaluated the relationship between serum cholesterol and suicidality in anorexia nervosa (AN). AIMS: To assess psychiatric and nutritional correlates of serum cholesterol in a sample of AN patients. METHODS: Serum cholesterol and nutritional status were evaluated in a sample of 74 AN patients, before starting any type of refeeding. All subjects underwent a structured clinical interview and completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. RESULTS: Subjects who reported previous suicide attempts, impulsive self-injurious behavior, or current suicidal ideation showed significantly lower cholesterol levels than subjects without suicidality. Cholesterol levels were negatively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms in all the patients with the exception of those with recurrent binge eating. A multivariate analysis showed that the relationships between cholesterol levels and suicidal behavior and ideation do not seem to be affected by the nutritional and metabolic factors considered in the study. CONCLUSIONS: Notwithstanding the influence of important metabolic factors affecting cholesterolemia in AN, our research tends to confirm previous studies that have found an association between low cholesterol levels and suicidality.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15272101&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol