lower-cholesterol-24.matches:
lower cholesterol
Hypercholesterolemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: different effect of simvastatin on VLDL and LDL cholesterol levels.

Cassader M, Ruiu G, Gambino R, Alemanno N, Veglia F, Pagano G.

Istituto di Medicina Interna, Universita di Torino, Italy.

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is often characterized by an increase in VLDL-triglyceride, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and a reduction in HDL-cholesterol. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors significantly lower cholesterol rates and have an indirect effect on the LDL receptor. We measured the effect of simvastatin in 28 hypercholesterolemic subjects, including 14 with NIDDM in good metabolic control (HbAIc 7.8% +/- 1.3%). A 24-week treatment with 10 mg/day (weeks 1-4), 20 mg/day (weeks 5-8) and 40 mg/day (weeks 9-24) simvastatin revealed different responses in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apo B decreased significantly in both groups (less in the diabetics), whereas only NIDDM patients displayed a significant reduction in VLDL-cholesterol and VLDL-apo B. In the non-diabetics, the reduction in plasma cholesterol was mainly confined to the LDL fraction (276 +/- 65 vs. 132 +/- 28 mg/dl), whereas a significant fall in VLDL-cholesterol (45 +/- 19 vs. 21 +/- 10 mg/dl) was more evident in the NIDDM patients. Simvastatin also influenced plasma apo B levels (221 +/- 33 vs 134 +/- 23 mg/dl in non-diabetics and 182 +/- 44 vs. 134 +/- 30 mg/dl in diabetics). Significant reduction of apo B, LDL-apo B (205 +/- 39 vs. 128 +/- 23 mg/dl) in the non-diabetics and VLDL-apo B (16 +/- 5 vs. 9 +/- 2 mg/dl) in the diabetics, indicates that the VLDL are primarily concerned when statins are administered in NIDDM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8461059&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-25.matches:
lower cholesterol
Correlation between serum lipids and stroke in an Israeli population.

Korn-Lubetzki I, Kleinman Y, Eliashiv S, Eliakim M.

Neurological Service, Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.

The role of blood lipids as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease remains uncertain. In the present prospective study, 202 patients admitted with stroke to a community hospital in Jerusalem were evaluated. All patients had a full clinical and neurological evaluation, and a risk factor analysis. The study protocol included routine blood evaluation, fasting blood lipid analysis, brain imaging, 2D echocardiography and carotid Doppler ultrasonography. Stroke risk factors were correlated to stroke types as defined by the modified NINCDS Stroke Data Bank Criteria. Lacunar and atherosclerotic ischaemic infarctions were the most frequent type of stroke in both sexes. Lipid values were in general lower in males than in females. Comparison of stroke patients to age and sex matched controls disclosed lower LDL-C values in male and female patients (p less than 0.001), and lower cholesterol levels in women with strokes than in control subjects (p less than 0.001). Our study corroborates previously reported risk factors for stroke: hypertension (major risk factor in both sexes), smoking (more prevalent in males) and diabetes (more frequent in females).

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1355894&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-25.matches:
lower cholesterol
Strenuous exercise, plasma fibrinogen, and factor VII activity.

Connelly JB, Cooper JA, Meade TW.

Medical Research Council Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, London.

OBJECTIVE--To assess the effect of physical activity on plasma fibrinogen and factor VII activity and thus on the risk of ischaemic heart disease. DESIGN--Cross sectional survey. SETTING--Ten group practices in the Medical Research Council's General Practice Research Framework. PATIENTS--3967 men aged 45-69 attending screening clinics for the thrombosis prevention trial. METHODS--Structured interview to elicit the intensity and frequency of physical exercise during past month. Measurement of fibrinogen, factor VII activity, cholesterol concentration, blood pressure, and other indices of ischaemic heart disease risk. RESULTS--Strenuous exercise was associated with significantly lower fibrinogen concentrations than mild exercise, implying a difference of about 15% in the risk of ischaemic heart disease. Strenuous exercise was also associated with lower cholesterol concentrations. More frequent strenuous exercise was associated with lower factor VII activity. CONCLUSIONS--With the recognition of plasma fibrinogen as a strong index of ischaemic heart disease risk the results of this and other studies suggest a pathway through which the protective effect of strenuous exercise may partly be mediated and they provide doctors and patients with a valuable incentive towards prevention, particularly in those whose risk of ischaemic heart disease is substantially due to raised fibrinogen concentrations.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1389713&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-25.matches:
lower cholesterol
Long term effects of tamoxifen. Biological effects of Tamoxifen Working Party.

Cuzick J, Allen D, Baum M, Barrett J, Clark G, Kakkar V, Melissari E, Moniz C, Moore J, Parsons V, et al.

Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, U.K.

A total of 153 breast cancer patients who participated in two trials of adjuvant tamoxifen and who had not recurred were recruited into a study of the long term effects of tamoxifen. There were 60 controls (no tamoxifen), 73 ex-users (mostly for 2 years) and 20 current users (median treatment duration 72 months) and the median follow-up time was 7 years. A wide ranging study of lipids, hormones, bone density and haemostasis was undertaken. When compared with controls, current users had lower cholesterol levels (especially low density cholesterol), and increased triglyceride levels. Thyroid hormones were higher and sex hormone binding globulin was almost doubled. Bone density was non-significantly higher, clotting times were slightly shorter and fibrinogen and antithrombin III levels were reduced. However few of these changes persisted in ex-users, suggesting that most of the biological effects of treatment are reversible on cessation of treatment. This is reassuring for potentially negative side-effects, but also indicates that potentially positive 'side-effects' such as cholesterol lowering only occur while on active treatment.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1445735&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-25.matches:
lower cholesterol
Serum cholesterol in Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy.

Klein BE, Moss SE, Klein R, Surawicz TS.

University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology, Madison 53792.

OBJECTIVE--To describe serum total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in a sample of people with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Subjects were those who participated in the 1984-1986 Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Data were from three groups of subjects: 304 younger-onset and 185 older-onset people taking insulin and 162 older-onset individuals not taking insulin. Serum lipids, duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin, diastolic blood pressure, sex, age, serum creatinine, units of insulin per kilogram per day, smoking status, serum C-peptide level, and alcohol use were analyzed statistically. RESULTS--In subjects taking insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin was correlated most strongly with total cholesterol. In those not taking insulin, C-peptide was correlated most strongly. In subjects taking insulin, the units used per day (fewer) and sex (female) were significantly associated with higher HDL cholesterol, and in both older-onset groups, serum C-peptide was significantly associated with lower HDL cholesterol. Mean total cholesterol levels were generally higher and mean HDL cholesterol levels were generally lower than those found in a nondiabetic comparison group. CONCLUSION--By the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines, 17% of younger-onset and 30% of older-onset insulin users and 32% of older-onset subjects not taking insulin were in the high-risk range for total cholesterol. Lower levels of glycosylated hemoglobin might result in lower cholesterol levels.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1547687&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-25.matches:
lower cholesterol
Television viewing and pediatric hypercholesterolemia.

Wong ND, Hei TK, Qaqundah PY, Davidson DM, Bassin SL, Gold KV.

Preventive Cardiology Program, University of California, Irvine 92717.

Cholesterol screening for children is recommended currently only for those with a family history of premature coronary heart disease or hyperlipidemia. The authors report on a pediatric-office-based cholesterol screening program where the predictive values of family history indicators were evaluated along with reported television viewing, physical activity, and dietary habits in 1081 children (aged 2 to 20 years, mean 7.4 +/- 3.6 [SD] years). Eight percent of these children had a total cholesterol value of 200 mg/dL or higher; 53% of such children reported watching 2 or more hours of television daily compared with 34% of children with lower cholesterol levels. Multivariate analyses revealed that excessive television viewing was the strongest predictor for a child to have a cholesterol value of 200 mg/dL or higher, with relative risks of 2.2 for 2 to 4 hours of television viewing per day (P less than .01) and 4.8 for children watching more than 4 hours/day, when compared to those watching less than 2 hours/day (P less than .01). In contrast, a positive family history of a high cholesterol level was only modestly associated with an increased probability of having a high cholesterol level (relative risk = 1.6, P less than .05), and a history of premature myocardial infarction in a parent or grandparent was not associated with a child's cholesterol level. Excessive television viewing was found to be associated with certain dietary and physical activity habits and may prove to be a useful, global marker for several life-style factors predisposing children to hypercholesterolemia.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1614784&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-25.matches:
lower cholesterol
Comparison between wheat, triticale, rye, soyabean oil and strain of laying bird on the production, and cholesterol and fatty acid contents of eggs.

Shafey TM, Dingle JG, McDonald MW.

University of Queensland, Australia.

1. The effects of feeding three types of cereal grain (wheat, triticale or rye) and soyabean oil (0 or 20 g/kg) over a 12-week period on the production, yolk cholesterol and yolk fatty acid concentrations of three strains of laying pullets were studied. 2. Pullets fed on wheat- or triticale-based diets had higher body weight gains, egg productions, egg weights, egg mass and lower yolk cholesterol concentrations than pullets fed on rye-based diets. However, there were no significant differences between the cereals in yolk cholesterol content. 3. There were no significant differences between the three cereals in total food consumption of pullets nor of yolk weight nor yolk concentration of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids. 4. Pullets fed on triticale-based diets had higher yolk linoleic acid concentrations and lower yolk oleic acid: linoleic acid ratios than pullets fed on rye- or wheat-based diets. 5. Soyabean oil supplementation increased egg production, egg mass, yolk linoleic concentration and yolk unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio, but reduced yolk oleic acid: linoleic acid ratio. 6. There were differences between strains of pullets in weight gain, food consumption, rate of lay, egg weight and yolk cholesterol, but not in yolk fatty acid concentrations. 7. It was concluded that wheat- or triticale-based diets gave good production of eggs of lower cholesterol content, that soyabean oil supplementation gave eggs with a high unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio and that two strains of layers produced eggs with lower yolk cholesterol concentrations than a third strain.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1623420&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-25.matches:
lower cholesterol
The Diet Habit Survey: a new method of dietary assessment that relates to plasma cholesterol changes.

Connor SL, Gustafson JR, Sexton G, Becker N, Artaud-Wild S, Connor WE.

Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098.

The Diet Habit Survey was designed to identify eating habits and measure dietary changes made over time by 442 adults in the Family Heart Study, a coronary heart disease prevention project. Reliability was determined by test-retest analysis. Validity was assessed by comparison with 24-hour dietary recalls and by comparing changes in diet with changes in plasma cholesterol levels. At baseline, 89% of the subjects were classified as eating the current American diet (37% fat), 10% reported eating Diet 1 (30% fat), and 1% reported eating Diet 2 (25% fat). After 5 years of dietary intervention, the population's eating habits had shifted; 48% reported eating the current American diet, 37% reported Diet 1, 14% reported Diet 2, and 1% reported Diet 3 (20% fat). Significant plasma cholesterol lowering was associated with changes in Diet Habit Survey scores reflecting lower cholesterol and saturated fat and higher complex carbohydrate intakes. This questionnaire is an inexpensive, reliable, and valid instrument for rapid assessment of eating habits and diet composition and, thus, is an important new tool for dietetics researchers and practitioners.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1728622&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-25.matches:
lower cholesterol
Identification of two distinct populations of protein kinase C in rat brain membranes.

Orr N, Yavin E, Lester DS.

Department of Membrane Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

The regulatory enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) is proposed to be activated on its translocation from the cytosol to the membrane. However, a portion of the native activity is always associated with the membrane fraction. Using a noninvasive procedure to extract this endogenous activity from rat brain membranes, it has been possible to characterize the activity in a partially purified reconstituted system bearing resemblance to the in vivo system. Two subpopulations of membrane-associated PKC were identified and characterized at the level of activation, inhibition, and isozyme immunologic characteristics and chromatographic properties. One peak had properties similar to those of cytosolic PKC, whereas the second population, extracted as protein-lipid complexes, had considerable constitutive activity that could be stimulated further on addition of PKC activators. This latter activity was relatively resistant to staurosporine inhibition and phorbol ester treatment, but it phosphorylated the exogenous PKC substrates, histone 1 and the epidermal growth factor receptor peptide KTRLRR. The constitutive activity was totally dependent on its endogenous associated lipids coextracted by the solubilization procedure. The ratio between these two populations was ontogenetically regulated and modulated by phorbol ester treatment, suggesting that different PKC populations may serve unique functions in the rat brain regulated by the lipid environment. Analyses of the phospholipids extracted in these protein-lipid complexes showed differences in the major classes correlating to age. However, apart from a markedly lower cholesterol content in these complexes, no direct relationship between a specific lipid composition and the amount of constitutive PKC activity was evident.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1729394&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-25.matches:
lower cholesterol
The prognostic significance of total serum cholesterol in patients with Hodgkin's disease.

Muller CP, Trilling B, Steinke B.

Medizinische Universitatsklinik II, Tubingen, Germany.

In the current retrospective study, the authors investigated the prognostic significance of total serum cholesterol values at the time of diagnosis in patients with Hodgkin's disease (n = 179). Cholesterol values were significantly lower in these patients than in age- and sex-matched controls. Subgroups with advanced stages (P less than or equal to 0.01), poor response to therapy (P = 0.04), and relapse after complete response (P = 0.026) (but not with bulky disease) had lower cholesterol values. By univariate analysis (cut-point value, 140 mg/dl), the 5-year survival rate was 2.5 times higher in patients with normal cholesterol values than in hypocholesterolemic patients (P less than 0.00009). Hypocholesterolemia was retained as an adverse, independent prognostic factor by multivariate Cox regression analysis. The authors concluded that total serum cholesterol values at the time of diagnosis may be a parameter with unrecognized significance in Hodgkin's disease.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1735071&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol