lower-cholesterol-17.matches:
lower cholesterol
Dietary oxidized linoleic acid modifies lipid composition of rat liver microsomes and increases their fluidity.

Hochgraf E, Mokady S, Cogan U.

Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Technion-Israel, Haifa.

The effect of dietary oxidized oil on the lipid composition, fluidity and function of rat liver microsomes was studied. Male growing rats were fed diets containing 10 g/100 g of a fresh (control) or oxidized (experimental) linoleic acid-rich preparation for 4 wk. High levels of fluorescent compounds and of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances indicated the occurrence of substantial lipid peroxidation in the microsomes of the experimental rats. The fluidity of the liver microsomes derived from rats fed the experimental diet was significantly higher than that of the membranes of the controls. This was due to profound differences in lipid composition of the liver microsomes, namely, a lower cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio and a greater arachidonic acid content in the phospholipids of the rats fed the experimental diet. The fluidity differences were accompanied by greater activity of the microsomal enzymes, aldehyde dehydrogenase and NADPH cytochrome C reductase. The study demonstrated that ingestion of oxidized lipids caused profound alterations in membrane composition, fluidity and function. These alterations are likely to be associated with an enhanced cholesterol turnover, as indicated by the greater cholesterol excretion observed for the experimental rats.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9164986&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-17.matches:
lower cholesterol
[Distribution of lipidic values in teenagers that smoke]

[Article in Spanish]

Palau Bondia J, Reparaz Abaitua F, Elcarte Lopez R, Inigo Martinez J, Ferreiro Mazon H, Aldaz Izurzu Y, Villa Elizaga I.

Servicio de Pediatria, Hospital Virgen del Camino, Pamplona.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the lipidic profiles in a population of teenagers and determine their relationship with smoking. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have studied 910 teenagers, between 14 and 17 years of age. Information regarding smoking was obtained with a questionnaire. Serum levels of cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, apoprotein A and apoprotein B were measured by enzymatic methods. RESULTS: Total cholesterol of non-smokers is higher than in smokers. Even if we divide the population studied by gender, the difference remain. Nevertheless, smokers' mean HDL level is lower, especially in boys. The LDL/HDL index is slightly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. However, if we separate boys and girls, we found some differences. Boys that smoke have higher cholesterol/HDL and LDL/HDL than non-smoking boys. Adjusting lipidic values by body mass, age and triglyceride serum levels, the relationship between smoking and lower cholesterol, HDL and apoprotein A and higher serum triglyceride levels remains in boys.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9173843&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-17.matches:
lower cholesterol
Risk factors for ischaemic heart disease in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.

Lear JT, Neary RH, Jones P, Fitzgerald DA, English JS.

Department of Dermatology, North Staffs NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, England.

For reasons that are unclear, patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) have a lower than expected mortality rate from ischaemic heart disease. We have compared risk factors for ischaemic heart disease (lipids, fibrinogen levels, smoking history and social class) in 29 DH patients and 57 controls matched for age and sex. Patients with DH had significantly lower cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B and fibrinogen and higher HDL2; they also smoked less and were of higher social class. The mechanisms underlying these observations merit further investigation. Intestinal abnormalities or gluten-free diet may account for differences in lipid fractions, and the immunomodulatory properties of cigarette smoke may protect against the development of DH.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9204017&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-17.matches:
lower cholesterol
Lipoprotein compositional abnormalities in type I diabetes: effect of improved glycaemic control.

Perez A, Caixas A, Carreras G, Mauricio D, Pou JM, Serrat J, Gomez-Gerique J, de Leiva A.

Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu l Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.

Major lipoprotein mass and composition were assessed in 45 subjects with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), before and after 2 months of intensive insulin therapy (IIT) and in 40 healthy control subjects. As compared to the control group, diabetic subjects at baseline had higher low density lipoprotein (LDL) and lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) masses. Expressing each lipoprotein constituent as a percent of total lipoprotein mass, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) of diabetic patients was enriched in cholesterol and phospholipid and depleted in triglyceride and protein; IDL had higher triglyceride and phospholipid and lower cholesterol and protein proportion; LDL was depleted in protein and enriched in triglyceride; HDL was depleted in protein and enriched in triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipid. After 2 months of IIT, HbA1c fell from 10.3 +/- 2 to 7.5 +/- 2% (P < 0.0001) and so did VLDL mass, which was lower than in control subjects. In addition, LDL and HDL masses, as well as triglyceride and cholesterol proportion in IDL particles normalized. The other compositional abnormalities improved without complete normalization. Thus, intensive insulin therapy in IDDM subjects brought quantitative lipoprotein alterations to normal even subnormal range, while most of the composition abnormalities improved without reaching complete normalization.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9229192&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-18.matches:
lower cholesterol
Thrombophilia in patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Chan P, Tomlinsoin B, Tsai CW, Pan WH, Lee YS.

Department of Medicine, Taipei Municipal Chung-Hsiao Hospital, Taiwan.

To investigate a possible interrelationship between hypercholesterolemia and the coagulation and fibrinolytic system, the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Two-Township Study in Taiwan was undertaken as a longitudinal prospective study focusing on the evolution of cardiovascular disease risk factors, with an emphasis on hemostatic factors. Hemostatic parameters measured in this study included prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, factor VIIc, factor VIIIc, antithrombin III, and plasminogen. Subjects of both sexes with hypercholesterolemia (> 6.2 mmol/L) also had significant elevations of diastolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, triglycerides, fibrinogen, and factor VIIc and reduced PT and APTT compared with subjects with lower cholesterol. The hypercholesterolemic women additionally had significant elevations of systolic blood pressure and factor VIIc. Levels of the anticoagulant factors, antithrombin III and plasminogen, were also higher in both hypercholesterolemic men and women. In men, only factor VIIIc had no statistically significant elevation. In women, only PT showed no statistical difference. Established coronary risk factors such as fibrinogen and factor VIIc showed remarkable elevations in patients of both sexes. Using Pearson correlation and multiple regression, the most significant parameter related to cholesterol level was factor VIIc. The present results show that hemostatic abnormalities do exist in patients with hypercholesterolemia, and this thrombophilic phenomenon sheds further light on the study of higher cardiovascular mortality in these subjects.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8769353&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-18.matches:
lower cholesterol
Polymorphism of the apolipoprotein B gene and blood lipid concentrations in Japanese and Caucasian population samples.

Iso H, Harada S, Shimamoto T, Folsom AR, Koike K, Sato S, Iida M, Komachi Y.

Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken, Japan.

To examine whether a racial difference in apolipoprotein B (Apo B) gene polymorphism between Japanese and American Caucasians corresponds with the lower blood cholesterol concentrations in Japanese than in Americans, we examined the EcoRI polymorphism of the Apo B gene for 271 nonsmoking men and women aged 47-69 years in two population-based samples: rural Japanese living in Akita and Caucasians living in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. Mean values of serum cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in Japanese than in Caucasians for both men and women (difference = 25-26 mg/dl). An allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was conducted to examine the Eco RI cutting site at the 12669 cDNA position of the Apo B gene. The allele R2 (absence of the cutting site) has been associated with lower cholesterol concentrations in two previous studies. The frequency of the R2 allele was 6% for Japanese and 17% for Caucasians (P < 0.001), and this race difference in allele frequency was identical for men and women. After controlling for age, body mass index, alcohol intake, and for women, menopausal status and hormone replacement therapy, the adjusted mean (SE) cholesterol level among Japanese was 204 (3) mg/dl for genotype R1R1 and 185 (7) mg/dl for genotype R1R2 or R2R2 combined (P = 0.01). The respective mean values among Caucasians were 224(5) mg/dl and 232(7) mg/dl (P = 0.36). The polymorphism had a similar effect on total cholesterol concentrations for both men and women. The observed lower prevalence of the R2 allele in Japanese than in Caucasians indicates that this variation in the Apo B gene does not explain the racial difference in blood cholesterol concentrations.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8902149&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-18.matches:
lower cholesterol
Low LDL oxidation in veteran endurance athletes.

Kujala UM, Ahotupa M, Vasankari T, Kaprio J, Tikkanen MJ.

Unit for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Toolo, Finland.

The 'oxidation hypothesis' states that oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is important in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion. Physical exercise has been reported to reduce clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. We compared the effects of aerobic physical exercise history on oxidation characteristics of plasma LDL at rest in non-smoking male veteran endurance athletes (n= 15) and control subjects (n= 16). As an indicator of LDL oxidation we used a method which provides an estimate of LDL diene conjugation in vivo. The athletes had lower plasma LDL cholesterol diene conjugation (P=0.003). They also had lower cholesterol, lower LDL and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Intensive physical exercise energy expenditure correlated inversely with LDL diene conjugation (r=-0.41, P= 0.021). We conclude that participation in intensive physical exercise training is associated with reduced plasma LDL fraction oxidation as reflected by LDL diene conjugation. This finding may have relevance for studies aiming to explain the variation in occurrence of ischemic heart disease.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8960653&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol



lower-cholesterol-18.matches:
lower cholesterol
Chemical modification and structure-activity relationships of pyripyropenes. 1. Modification at the four hydroxyl groups.

Obata R, Sunazuka T, Li Z, Tian Z, Harigaya Y, Tabata N, Tomoda H, Omura S.

Research Center for Biological Function, Kitasato Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.

Four hydroxyl groups of pyripyropenes have been modified and evaluated for their ability to inhibit microsomal acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity in vitro and to lower cholesterol absorption in vivo in a cholesterol-fed hamster. 7-O-n-Valeryl derivative (8c) improved the in vitro ACAT inhibitory activity (IC50 = 13 nM) about 7 times better than pyripyropene A. Introduction of methanesulfonyl group at 11-hydroxyl group (17a) increased both in vitro activity (IC50 = 19 nM) and in vivo efficacy (ED50 = 10 mg/kg).

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8982343&dopt=Abstract lower cholesterol