Penlac
Pharmacokinetics of ciclopirox olamine after vaginal application to rabbits and patients.

Coppi G, Silingardi S, Girardello R, De Aloysio D, Manzardo S.

Pharmacological and Toxicological Department, Poli Industria Chimica, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.

The authors reported the plasma levels and pharmacokinetic parameters of ciclopirox olamine in rabbits after i.v. and intravaginal administrations and in female patients after vaginal administration. Plasma levels of total and free ciclopirox were determined by a HPLC method. In rabbit ciclopirox showed a half-life of 2.22 h and an intravaginal bioavailability of about 2%. In female patients ciclopirox showed low intravaginal absorption; this value might explain the good local and systemic tolerability and also the penetration of drug in deep tissue.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8106903&dopt=Abstract ciclopirox Penlac



Penlac
Ciclopirox nail lacquer topical solution 8%.

Gupta AK.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Ciclopirox nail lacquer 8% (Penlac, Aventis Pharma) was approved by the US FDA in December 1999, as a component of a comprehensive management program, for use in immunocompetent patients who have mild to moderate onychomycosis of the fingers and toes without lunula involvement due to Trichophyton rubrum. The comprehensive management program includes removal of the unattached, infected nails as frequently as once per month, by a health care professional who has special competence in the diagnosis and treatment of nail disorders, including minor nail procedures. The nail lacquer is not approved in Canada.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11027420&dopt=Abstract ciclopirox Penlac



Penlac
[Topical therapy of onychomycoses with 8% ciclopirox laquer. An open, non-comparative study]

[Article in German]

Effendy I, Kolczak H, Ossowski B, Hohler T.

Dermatologische Klinik, Universitat Marburg.

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of 8% Ciclopirox-containing nail varnish used for topical treatment of onychomycoses in an open single-center study. METHOD: Forty-seven patients with onychomycoses affecting a finger and/or toe nail were treated with nail varnish containing Ciclopirox once daily for 6 months. The results of treatment were monitored at regular intervals during treatment, and for 6 months after termination of therapy. RESULTS: By the end of treatment, culture for fungi was negative in all the patients investigated; clinical healing was observed in 26 patients (56.5%) and clinical improvement in 13 (28%). In seven patients, however, the clinical findings had hardly changed. By the end of the 6-month follow-up phase, the healing rate (mycological and clinical) was 59.5% (28/47 patients), improvement (mycological healing, clinical improvement) was 12.8% (6/47 patients) and failures (neither mycological nor clinical healing) was 27.7% (13/47 patients). Mild distal subungual onychomycoses and superficial white onychomycoses are the main indications for topical antimycotic treatment. In contrast, extensive distal subungual nail mycoses, proximal subungual and total dystrophic onychomycoses in which the matrix of the nail already appears to be involved, represents the limitations of topical treatment. In addition to the high level of efficacy, which depends upon the extent and form of nail involvement, the substance was very well tolerated; in none of the patients were any side effects observed.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8509000&dopt=Abstract ciclopirox Penlac



Penlac
In-vitro permeability of the human nail and of a keratin membrane from bovine hooves: prediction of the penetration rate of antimycotics through the nail plate and their efficacy.

Mertin D, Lippold BC.

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany.

In contrast to the partition coefficient octanol/water the molecular size of penetrating drugs has a noticeable influence on the permeability of the human nail plate and a keratin membrane from bovine hooves. The relationship between permeability and molecular weight is founded on well-established theories. The correlation between the permeability of the nail plate and that of the hoof membrane allows a prediction of the nail permeability after determination of the drug penetration through the hoof membrane. The maximum flux of ten antimycotics (amorolfine, bifonazole, ciclopirox, clotrimazole, econazole, griseofulvin, ketoconazole, naftifine, nystatin and tolnaftate) through the nail plate was predicted on the basis of their penetration rates through the hoof membrane and their water solubilities. An efficacy coefficient against onychomycoses was calculated from the maximum flux and the minimum inhibitory concentration. Accordingly, amorolfine, ciclopirox, econazole and naftifine are expected to be especially effective against dermatophytes, whereas in the case of an infection with yeasts only, amorolfine and ciclopirox are promising.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9306253&dopt=Abstract ciclopirox Penlac