genital warts
Association of coexisting vaginal infections and multiple abusers in female children with genital warts.

Herman-Giddens ME, Gutman LT, Berson NL.

Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.

All 11 girls less than 12 years of age presenting to the pediatric clinic between 1980 and 1986 with genital warts were evaluated by the Child Protection Team for possible sexual abuse. Nine of the 11 girls had condylomata acuminata, and two had verruca vulgaris. Ten of the 11 had historical and/or physical evidence other than the warts that confirmed sexual abuse. Six girls had coexisting vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis and infections due to various pathogens including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis. These six girls were known (three) or suspected (three) of being abused by multiple perpetrators. None of the five girls with a known or suspected single abuser had coexisting vaginal infections (P = less than 0.02, Fisher's exact test). We conclude that almost all genital warts in girls are sexually transmitted and that girls presenting with anogenital warts should be evaluated for other genito-vaginal infections and sexual abuse. Multiple vaginal infections in childhood, with organisms that are sexually transmitted or associated with sexual activity, may be a marker for abuse by multiple perpetrators.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3358240&dopt=Abstract genital wart


genital warts
Condylomata acuminata in women: the effect of concomitant genital infection on response to treatment.

Cooper C, Singha HS.

316 women with genital warts were studied to relate treatment response to concomitant genital infection at presentation. There was a highly significant difference between the response patterns of those patients who presented with warts alone, and those presenting with other infections (most commonly candidiasis and non-specific vaginitis). The diagnosis and treatment of associated infections hastens the response of warts to cytotoxic therapy, but there appears to be a subgroup amongst women presenting with warts alone, who require a considerably longer course of treatment. The relevance of these findings to the pathogenesis and management of genital warts is discussed.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2408418&dopt=Abstract genital wart


genital warts
Partial characterization of viral DNA from human genital warts (Condylomata acuminata).

Gissmann L, zur Hausen H.

By centrifuging total cellular DNA derived from human genital warts (condylomata acuminata) in CsCl-ethidium bromide gradients, supercoiled DNA was isolated. The molecular weight of this DNA was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and amounted to 5.1 X 10(4). This DNA isolated from an individual genital wart was annealed to fractions of aqueous supernatants of the same wart after prior centrifugation of this material in CsCl density gradients. Annealing was observed at a density of approximately 1.32 g/ml corresponding to the expected density of papilloma virus particles. Since such particles were also observed in the same preparation by electron microscopy, it was concluded that the supercoiled DNA molecules were derived from papilloma virus nucleocapsids. Positive hybridization was found with six additional preparations from individual genital warts. Therefore, it seems that the isolated DNA prevails in condylomata acuminata. The DNA is different from the other five types of human papilloma viruses described thus far in regard to its restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns. The virus analyzed is tentatively designated as human papilloma virus type 6 (HPV 6).

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6246010&dopt=Abstract genital wart


genital warts
Human papilloma virus type I purified from human genital warts.

Staquet MJ, Viac J, Bustamante R, Thivolet J.

Human wart virus (HPV) was isolated from a pool of genital warts. The electrophoretic mobility of virion proteins was studied by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and showed the same pattern as that obtained with HPV-1. The analysis of DNA after restriction enzyme digestion with the endonucleases Hind III and Hae III, and nucleic acid hybridization did not show any difference with HPV-1. The viral particles were agglutinated by anti-HPV-1 serum, as shown by electron microscopic particle agglutination test. Furthermore, the immunological properties of this virus were investigated with guinea pig antiserum. Serologically, no antigenic cross-reaction between common and genital wart viruses were shown by immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence tests, whereas cross-reactions were detected between plantar and genital wart viruses. These results allow to think that HPV-1 can induce plantar warts as well as genital warts.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6266889&dopt=Abstract genital wart


genital warts
Molecular cloning of viral DNA from human genital warts.

de Villiers EM, Gissmann L, zur Hausen H.

The DNA of human papilloma virus type 6 (HPV 6) has been cloned in Escherichia coli K-12 by using pBR322 as vector. The DNA was cloned at the BamHI and EcoRI cleavage sites. This DNA was mapped by employing further restriction endonucleases and by terminal labeling. No major differences were noted as compared to HPV 6 DNA originating directly from a genital wart. The existence of at least two DNA subtypes (HPV 6a and 6b) became apparent.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6275126&dopt=Abstract genital wart