Cleocin
Effect of ciprofloxacin compared to gentamicin in the treatment of experimental intraabdominal infections in rats.

Lahnborg G, Nord CE.

Department of Experimental Surgery, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

A reproducible experimental model of intraabdominal infections in rats has been developed in order to stimulate intraabdominal sepsis in patients. Preoperatively, the rats were fed with lean ground beef for two weeks in order to change the intestinal flora to one similar to that of humans. A 1-cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. The intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and intestinal continuity was re-established by an end-to-end anastomosis. The segment of ileum was then returned to the abdominal cavity. This experimental model was used to compare the efficacy of ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with clindamycin with the combination gentamicin and clindamycin in the treatment of intraabdominal infections. Eighty per cent of the untreated animals died within four days. Within six days, 30% of the animals receiving ciprofloxacin died. Animals treated with ciprofloxacin plus clindamycin or gentamicin plus clindamycin had a significantly decreased mortality and increased cure rates during the experimental period. Only 5% of these animals died. Thus the combination of ciprofloxacin and clindamycin seems to be as successful as gentamicin plus ciprofloxacin in the treatment of intraabdominal infections.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2756352&dopt=Abstract clindamycin antibiotic Cleocin-T



Cleocin
Clindamycin enhances murine delayed-type hypersensitivity and anti-candidal activity.

Kitz DJ, Neuman HR, Little JR.

Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville 62026-1651.

The contact sensitivity response of mice to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), as determined by an epicutaneous painting and subsequent ear challenge assay, was enhanced by clindamycin administration. The optimal augmentation effect of clindamycin required its simultaneous administration at the time of DNFB skin sensitization. Clindamycin also was found to boost both in-vitro and in-vivo murine response to experimental infection with Candida lusitaniae. Intraperitoneal injection of 1-2 mg of the drug increased the clearance of yeast from organs after intravenous inoculation of mice. Clindamycin at concentrations of as low as 12.5 mg/l also increased the ability of cultured murine macrophages to kill the yeast without an increase in phagocytic activity.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2759921&dopt=Abstract clindamycin antibiotic Cleocin-T



Cleocin
Comparative study of clindamycin, imipenem, oxacillin and vancomycin in the infected granuloma pouch model.

Brauner E, Gorbach S, Davey P.

Department of Community Health, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111.

In a rat granuloma pouch model, Staphylococcus aureus infection was treated with clindamycin, oxacillin or vancomycin and Bacteroides fragilis infection with clindamycin or imipenem. The model simulates a subcutaneous abscess and has the advantage of permitting frequent sampling of exudate for bacterial counts and antibiotic levels in the same animal. In staphylococcal infection all drugs reduced the bacterial counts in the infected pouch by 1-1.7 log, with a significant effect lasting for 3 h after the last injection. A 1.06-1.4 log reduction lasted for 24 h with clindamycin and oxacillin, but there was only an 0.3 log reduction at 24 h with vancomycin. The ratio of the drug concentration in the infected pouch to the MIC was highest with clindamycin (2.3) compared to oxacillin (1.6) and vancomycin (0.8). With Bact. fragilis infection the bacterial counts dropped 1.5 log at 3 h after the last injection with clindamycin and imipenem. At 24 h the counts were reduced 1.0 log with clindamycin and 0.5 log with imipenem. The ratios of pouch fluid concentration to MIC was 7.6 and 4.08 for imipenem and clindamycin, respectively, at 3 h, and 1.0 and 2.3 for imipenem and clindamycin at 24 h.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2759932&dopt=Abstract clindamycin antibiotic Cleocin-T



Cleocin
Fetor from ulcerated head and neck tumors: causation and therapy.

Brusis T, Luckhaupt H.

Department of Otolaryngology, Municipal Clinic, Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany.

Almost all extensive tumors of the head or neck generate a fetor very unpleasant for the patient, his family, and the nursing staff. Thirty-one patients suspected of having a microbial superinfection of the tumor masses caused by anaerobes or an aerobe-anaerobe mixed infection were examined, and tumor samples from the oral cavity, throat, and larynx were obtained. Anaerobes could be demonstrated in every case, especially Bacteroides melaninogenicus. In the antibiotic treatment, clindamycin (Cleocin) proved to be superior to metronidazole (Clont). Within 12 to 24 hours after initiation of treatment, at the most 36 hours, the fetor almost always disappeared. The odor was stopped as long as antibiotic therapy continued.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2764444&dopt=Abstract clindamycin antibiotic Cleocin-T



Cleocin
Evaluation of liposome-encapsulated clindamycin in Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis.

Rao VS, Peyman GA, Khoobehi B, Vangipuram S.

LSU Eye Center, Louisiana State University Medical Center School of Medicine, New Orleans.

We investigated the effects of liposome-encapsulated clindamycin in Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis induced in rabbits. Clindamycin was encapsulated into liposomes, and suspended in two concentrations: 1 mg/0.1 ml and 2 mg/0.1 ml of clindamycin phosphate. Seven eyes received an intravitreal injection (0.1 ml volume) containing 1 mg of liposome-encapsulated clindamycin and seven eyes received 2 mg. Three control rabbits (six eyes) received drug-free liposomes (three eyes) and no treatment (three eyes). All but one eye treated with clindamycin recovered. All control eyes, including those treated with empty liposomes, were lost to infection.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2793311&dopt=Abstract clindamycin antibiotic Cleocin-T



Cleocin
[Susceptibility of clinically important Bacteroides species against enoxacin-metronidazole and enoxacin-clindamycin combinations]

[Article in German]

Heizmann WR, Werner H, Schmid R.

Abteilung Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Hygiene-Institut der Universitat, Tubingen.

To assess the activity of enoxacin, clindamycin and metronidazole, MICs of clinical isolates of saccharolytic intestinal Bacteroides spp. were determined, using the agar dilution method according to NCCLS guidelines. Checkerboard titrations of enoxacin-metronidazole and enoxacin-clindamycin were done on Wilkins-Chalgren agar; inoculation, incubation and reading of plates were as for determination of MICs. Metronidazole MIC 90s for Bacteroides fragilis (23 strains) and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (23 strains) were 0.5 mg/l, clindamycin MIC 90 for B. fragilis was 1 mg/l, and for B. thetaiotaomicron 8 mg/l, whereas enoxacin MIC 90 values were 16 mg/l and 64 mg/l, respectively. The evaluation of the inhibitory effects of the combination enoxacin-metronidazole for B. fragilis showed additional effects in eleven strains, indifference in seven strains and antagonism in one. The figures for B. thetaiotaomicron showed addition in five strains, indifference in 17 strains, antagonism in one. For B. fragilis the combination enoxacin-clindamycin showed addition in ten strains, indifference in six, and antagonism in one; for B. thetaiotaomicron synergism in one strain, addition in four strains, indifference in 17 strains. In conclusion, the absence of antagonism and the overall preponderance of additional and indifferent effects warrant the use of enoxacin in combination with metronidazole or clindamycin in clinical trials of treatment of anaerobic-aerobic mixed infections.

Online source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2807557&dopt=Abstract clindamycin antibiotic Cleocin-T