Vet Parasitol. 1990 May;36(1-2):83-90.
Comparison of Albendazole and Praziquantel therapy of Echinococcus granulosus in naturally infected sheep.

Morris DL, Richards KS, Clarkson MJ, Taylor DH.

Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, U.K.

The effects of albendazole (10 mg kg-1 day-1) and praziquantel (50 mg kg-1 day-1) for 6 weeks on naturally infected sheep with pulmonary cysts of Echinococcus granulosus of proven viability were studied. Immediately following therapy, one of three sheep treated with praziquantel had viable cysts and 7 months later one of two sheep had viable cysts. One sheep died during albendazole therapy, but 7 months following therapy only one of five sheep had viable cysts. Electron microscopy demonstrated necrotic germinal layer tissue in most albendazole-treated cysts and praziquantel also had an effect on cyst ultrastructure. These data suggest that recurrence in humans treated with albendazole may be small. Whilst praziquantel was not particularly effective in this animal model, its clear effect on the ultrastructure suggests that an increased dose and combination therapy with albendazole may be more effective.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2382392&dopt=Abstract albendazole Albenza




J Helminthol. 1990 Jun;64(2):171-4.
Echinococcus granulosus: development of resistance to albendazole in an animal model.

Morris DL, Taylor DH.

Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK.

Gerbils with well developed peritoneal cysts of Echinococcus granulosus were randomized to albendazole 50 mg/kg/day or untreated control. Treated animals had less disease at post mortem after 3 months of treatment. Cysts were then taken from both albendazole-treated and control animals and cultured in vitro either with or without albendazole sulphoxide (Alb Sx) 500 micrograms/L for 14 days. Viability of cysts was then established by implantation of whole cysts into gerbils. Whilst naive cysts were affected by Alb Sx (only 2 cysts developed/gerbil) cysts from animals treated with albendazole were not sensitive to further therapy (6.4 cysts/gerbil).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2387977&dopt=Abstract albendazole Albenza




Am J Vet Res. 1990 Sep;51(9):1459-63.
Comparison of pharmacokinetic variables for two injectable formulations of netobimin administered to calves.

Lanusse CE, Ranjan S, Prichard RK.

Institute of Parasitology of McGill University, Macdonald College, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.

In a 4 x 4 crossover-design study, pharmacokinetic variables of 2 injectable formulations of netobimin (trisamine salt solution and zwitterion suspension) were compared after SC administration in calves at dosage of 12.5 mg/kg of body weight. Netobimin parent drug was rapidly absorbed, being detected between 0.25 and 12 hours after treatment, with maximal plasma drug concentration (Cmax) values of 2.20 +/- 1.03 micrograms/ml achieved at 0.75 +/- 0.19 hour (trisamine) and 1.37 +/- 0.59 micrograms/ml at 0.81 +/- 0.18 hour (zwitterion). Netobimin area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was 7.59 +/- 3.11 micrograms.h/ml (trisamine) and 6.98 +/- 1.60 micrograms.h/ml (zwitterion). Elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) was 2.59 +/- 0.63 hours (trisamine) and 3.57 +/- 1.45 hours (zwitterion). Albendazole was not detected at any time. Albendazole sulfoxide was detected from 4 hours up to 20 hours (trisamine) and from 6 hours up to 24 hours (zwitterion) after administration of the drug. The Cmax values were 0.48 +/- 0.16 micrograms/ml and 0.46 +/- 0.26 micrograms/ml for trisamine and zwitterion formulations, respectively, achieved at time to peak drug concentration (Tmax) values of 9.50 +/- 1.41 hours (trisamine) and 11.30 +/- 1.04 hours (zwitterion). Albendazole sulfoxide AUC was 3.86 +/- 1.04 micrograms.h/ml (trisamine) and 4.40 +/- 3.24 micrograms.h/ml (zwitterion); t1/2 beta was 3.05 +/- 0.75 hours (trisamine) and 3.90 +/- 1.44 hours (zwitterion). Albendazole sulfone was detected from 4 (trisamine) or 6 hours (zwitterion) to 24 hours after treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2396793&dopt=Abstract albendazole Albenza




Vet Parasitol. 1989 Nov;34(1-2):87-93.
Emergence from inhibited development of cyathostome larvae in ponies following failure to remove them by repeated treatments with benzimidazole compounds.

Eysker M, Boersema JH, Kooyman FN.

Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.

The effect of three albendazole treatments at 5-week intervals, beginning at turnout in April, on cyathostome infections in Shetland ponies was compared with the effect of sequential treatments with albendazole, oxfendazole and oxibendazole. The results showed a substantial reduction in faecal egg output after the first albendazole treatment. Since faecal egg counts remained very low, no estimation of the effect of the second treatment was possible. The third treatment with albendazole and oxibendazole was followed by an increase in faecal egg counts to values of greater than 100 eggs g-1 within 4 weeks. A final albendazole treatment in December, 1 week before necropsy, failed to reduce faecal egg counts. These results suggest resistance to albendazole and oxibendazole in the cyathostome populations of the ponies. The increase in faecal egg counts after the third anthelmintic treatment in July occurred, although overwintered pasture infectivity was very low. The most likely explanation for this increase is resumption of the development of worms which overwintered as inhibited larvae in the host.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2588473&dopt=Abstract albendazole Albenza




J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003 Apr;51(4):1017-20. Epub 2003 Mar 13.
Isolation, excystation and axenization of Giardia lamblia isolates: in vitro susceptibility to metronidazole and albendazole.

Cruz A, Sousa MI, Azeredo Z, Leite E, Figueiredo de Sousa JC, Cabral M.

Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saude do Porto, Rua Joao Oliveira Ramos 87, 4000-294 Porto, Portugal. agostinho-crulix.pt

From 53 samples of human faeces containing Giardia lamblia cysts, 18 isolates were successfully excysted in vitro, and cultivated axenically in TYI-S-33 modified medium. The in vitro effects of metronidazole and albendazole on these isolates were evaluated by the trophozoite adherence inhibition method. The IC50 was between 2.4 and 11.5 micro M for metronidazole and 0.027 and 0.192 micro M for albendazole. These IC50 values were similar to those found for the ATCC 30888 and 30957 reference isolates. All isolates were susceptible to the antiparasitic drugs tested. These results suggest that resistance of G. lamblia to metronidazole and albendazole does not seem to be a significant problem in our population.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12654760&dopt=Abstract albendazole Albenza




Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989 Jan-Feb;83(1):97-102.
Chemotherapy of Echinococcus infection in man with albendazole.

Horton RJ.

Smith Kline & French Laboratories Limited, Welwyn Garden City, UK.

Since 1983 data have been collected on the outcome of treatment of apparently active Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts with albendazole. Most patients received 800 mg albendazole daily in cycles of 28 d with 14 d between cycles, with a mean duration of 2.5 cycles (range 1-12). From an initial set of over 500 cases, 253 patients were evaluated for efficacy, with 269 hepatic, 86 pulmonary, 50 peritoneal and 51 cysts at other sites being individually assessed. 72 patients (28.5%) were regarded as cured, 129 (51%) as improved, 46 (18.1%) as unchanged and 6 (2.4%) were worse. 47 patients underwent surgery after treatment and viability was demonstrated in only 5 cysts (10.6%). Recurrence was observed in 4 of 29 non-surgical cases (13.8%) from whom a follow-up of at least 24 months was available. 35 cases of E. multilocularis infection were assessed, with cure in 2, improvements in 4, stabilization in 25 and progression in 4 cases. Side effects of treatment were uncommon. Liver function abnormalities occurred in about 20% (4% withdrawn) and there was a tendency for leucopenia to occur in E. multilocularis patients. Albendazole appears to be effective both for chemotherapy in inoperable cases of hydatid disease and for prophylaxis before surgery.

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Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989 May-Jun;83(3):377-83.
Neurocysticercosis: treatment with albendazole and dextrochloropheniramine.

Agapejev S, Meira DA, Barraviera B, Machado JM, Marques PC, Mendes RP, Kamegasawa A, Ueda AK.

Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, UNESP, Brazil.

We evaluated the use of albendazole in combination with dextrochloropheniramine for the treatment of neurocysticercosis. Forty patients were treated from September 1984 to December 1987; each was diagnosed on the basis of clinical, epidemiological, cerebrospinal fluid and tomographic data. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the albendazole treatment schedule. Group I received 10-15 mg/kg albendazole daily; group II received 15-25 mg/kg/d; group III received 15-30 mg/kg/d. Each patient also received simultaneously 18 mg/d of dextrochloropheniramine. Clinical improvement was observed in 4 patients in group I (50.0%), 10 patients in group II (83.3%) and 18 patients in group III (94.7%). Three patients in group II, and one in group III, died. Group III patients showed a significant improvement in quality of life compared to the other 2 groups. Side effects were insignificant in all groups. The combination of albendazole and dextrochloropheniramine seems to be a promising treatment for neurocysticercosis, especially at the doses used for group III, i.e. 15 mg/kg/d of albendazole for 21 d followed by 20-30 mg/kg/d for 30 d after a one-week interval, in combination with 18 mg/d of dextrochloropheniramine.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2617585&dopt=Abstract albendazole Albenza