Anaesthesist. 1985 May;34(5):241-6.
[Effect of tramadol on ventilatory CO2 response and mouth occlusion pressure]

[Article in German]

Seitz W, Lubbe N, Fritz K, Sybrecht G, Kirchner E.

The respiratory depressant effects of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg of tramadol were studied in 14 healthy young persons by determining the CO2 response (Read's method) and the mouth occlusion pressure (Whitelaw's method) before and 10, 30 and 60 min after administration of the drug. The decrease in minute volume VE (PACO2 = 55 mmHg), dependent on dose, ranged between 11,2 and 17,8%. The mean ventilatory response to CO2 decreased after administration of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg of tramadol by 15.4 and 25.4% respectively of the normal value. In the same patients, the mouth occlusion pressure responses decreased by 16.1 and 25.6% respectively. There were no significant changes in mean inspiratory flow rate (determined from tidal volume and averaged time of inspiration). These findings demonstrate that tramadol, in contrast to morphine, produces less depression of the ventilatory responses to CO2 in healthy subjects.

Tramadol reference source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3927766&dopt=Abstract tramadol Ultram




J Chromatogr. 1985 May 31;341(1):65-79.
Quantitative determination of tramadol in human serum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Lintz W, Uragg H.

A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the quantitative determination of tramadol in human serum, plasma or whole blood samples is described. The method involves the use of [2H2, 15N]tramadol hydrochloride as an internal standard and chemical ionization with isobutane, employing single-ion monitoring for quantification. It is specific, sensitive and precise, and has high accuracy. The within-run coefficient of variation is about 1% between 25 and 200 ng/ml and 1.8-2.9% at the lowest concentrations tested (6.25 and 12.5 ng/ml). The between-run coefficient of variation increases from 1.6% to 5.2% with decreasing concentration from 200 to 12.5 ng/ml. The calibration graphs were linear in the tested concentration range, and the accuracy of the assay was not dependent on the sample volume used. The detection limit was about 4 ng/ml for serum samples of 1 ml. The method proved suitable for pharmacokinetic studies. Its high sensitivity allows measurements of serum concentrations for at least 30 h after the single administration of therapeutic doses of tramadol hydrochloride.

Tramadol reference source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4019697&dopt=Abstract tramadol Ultram




Anasth Intensivther Notfallmed. 1985 Aug;20(4):210-2.
[The therapeutic system, CODIC]

[Article in German]

Stoffregen J.

CODIC-COmputeriseD Infusion Control is the first universally applicable therapeutic system which can be programmed by the user. CODIC consists of a monitoring unit for IMED 929 infusion pump. It is the first open therapeutic system in the "no demand" mode which is not only programmed but can also be programmed and modified by the user. This makes it universally applicable. It was mainly developed for highly effective drugs with a narrow therapeutic range and short half-life. CODIC opens up possibilities for the optimisation of advanced drug therapy which had not existed so far (e.g. cytostatics). If operated in the "on demand" mode via a pushbutton pressed down by the patient according to individual requirements by analgesic boluses, CODIC provides freedom from pain (not only postoperatively). The fixed-programme infusion profile prevents excess dosage. The same applies to pain relief during child birth. CODIC has been in routine use by the author for the last two years, especially for the automatic monitoring of infusions of Tramadol, Nalbuphin or NLA substances in combination anaesthesia, or in controlled hypotension with nitroprusside.

Tramadol reference source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4073415&dopt=Abstract tramadol Ultram




Tohoku J Exp Med. 1979 Aug;128(4):401-2.
The effect of non-narcotic analgesic, tramadol, on cardiac contractility in dog.

Nishioka K.

The effect of a non-narcotic analgesic, tramadol, 5 mg/kg i.v. on cardiac contractility was studied in intact dog. The maximal intrinsic velocity of contraction of the ventricle, dP/dt/K P at P=O(Vmax) which is a most sensitive and reliable index of cardiac contractility, was decreased significantly 5 and 10 min after the injection, suggesting that the drug is a mild myocardial depressant at this dose and by this route.

Tramadol reference source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=483308&dopt=Abstract tramadol Ultram




Arzneimittelforschung. 1978;28(1a):114-21.
[On separation of isomeres, structural elucidation and pharmacological characterization of 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (author's transl)]

[Article in German]

Frankus E, Friderichs E, Kim SM, Osterloh G.

1-(m-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (L 201) was split into the cis- and trans-isomers and the conformations of the two isomers were determined by 13C-NMR-spectroscopy. Molecule models showed that both conformeres were similar to the geometrical structure of morphine. The adaptation of the morphine structure was better with the more active trans-isomer than with the cis-isomer. Tramadol, the trans-isomer, was separated into its optical antipodes. When tested for analgesia in the electro-stimulation test with mice, all compounds showed analgetic activity. The trans-isomer was more active than the cis-isomer and the (+)-form of the trans-isomer was more active than the (--)-form. Given by s.c. route, the (+)-transisomer E 382 was 1/3 as active as morphine. However, the Straub-tail reaction and the withdrawal jumping tests yielded more favourable results with L 201 and tramadol than with E 382.

Tramadol reference source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=580208&dopt=Abstract tramadol Ultram