Chest. 1988 Nov;94(5):960-3.
Systemic absorption of tetracycline and lidocaine following intrapleural instillation.

Wooten SA, Barbarash RA, Strange C, Sahn SA.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425.

Seven patients with symptomatic pleural effusions (six) and recurrent pneumothorax (one) underwent attempted pleurodesis using tetracycline. Lidocaine (150 mg), followed immediately by tetracycline (20 mg/kg), was instilled into the pleural space through a chest tube. Venous blood was obtained at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes following instillation in order to determine concentrations of lidocaine and tetracycline. The mean peak serum concentration of lidocaine was 1.3 mu/ml +/- 0.4 microgram/ml (mean +/- SE) (range, 0.3 microgram/ml to 3.2 microgram/ml), and the mean time to peak serum concentration of lidocaine was 86 +/- 13 minutes. The mean peak serum concentration of tetracycline was 3.6 microgram/ml +/- 0.9 microgram/ml (range, 1.0 microgram/ml to 5.0 micrograms/ml), and the mean time to peak serum concentration of tetracycline was 96 +/- 16 minutes. Therapeutic serum concentrations of lidocaine were found in four of the seven patients and therapeutic serum levels of tetracycline in four of five patients. With systemic absorption of lidocaine and tetracycline following intrapleural instillation, patients are at risk for potential toxic effects. If lidocaine is used in a dosage of less than 3 mg/kg, toxic levels of the drug are unlikely to occur. Furthermore, use of tetracycline or lidocaine in pleurodesis is contraindicated in patients with known sensitivity to the drugs.

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3180899&dopt=Abstract antibiotics, tetracycline




Acta Odontol Scand. 1987 Jun;45(3):141-6.
Topical application of tetracycline in regenerative periodontal surgery in beagles.

Claffey N, Bogle G, Bjorvatn K, Selvig KA, Egelberg J.

This study was designed to test the effect of tetracycline on healing subsequent to periodontal surgery. Aqueous solutions of tetracyclines are highly acidic and may therefore represent a suitable substitute for citric acid. Furthermore, tetracyclines react with dental hard tissues to from long-lasting antimicrobial compounds, and they have a retarding effect on pellicle and plaque formation and an antienzymatic effect. The alveolar bone around mandibular premolars was surgically reduced up to 6 mm from the cementoenamel junction in two beagles. The denuded root surfaces were exposed to the oral environment during 3 months without plaque control. Regenerative surgery was then carried out, using root surface conditioning with 1% tetracycline and coronally repositioned flaps. Six months later, histologic evaluation showed connective tissue attachment extending to the cementoenamel junction in most of the specimens. Superficial root resorption was prevalent in the cervical region, below which a collar of replacement resorption partly surrounded the roots in a characteristic manner. Morphometric analysis showed that attachment gain was similar to that obtained with citric acid in a preceding series of seven dogs. These preliminary results indicate that connective tissue attachment gain after topical use of tetracycline is similar to that obtained with citric acid. In addition, the antibacterial capacity and biological effects of tetracycline warrant further study of its possible clinical use in periodontal reconstructive surgery.

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3475947&dopt=Abstract antibiotics, tetracycline




Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1985 Nov;278(1):157-68.
Comparative effects of tetracycline and doxycycline on liver function of young adult and old mice.

Hopf G, Bocker R, Estler CJ.

The effects of tetracycline and doxycycline (25 and 100 micrograms/g i.v.) on serum GOT, GPT, urea, bilirubin, cholesterol and triglycerides and on the hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels have been investigated comparatively in female mice of two age groups: young adult and old. Both tetracyclines caused increases in the serum transaminases and bilirubin and in the triglyceride and cholesterol contents of the liver that were less pronounced in old than in young adult mice. The reason for the age difference may be that doxycycline and tetracycline accumulated to a greater extent in the livers of the younger age group. Only the rise of the serum urea levels after tetracycline and doxycycline was greater in old mice than in the young adults.

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4096607&dopt=Abstract antibiotics, tetracycline




J Chromatogr. 1982 Nov 12;232(2):385-93.
Rapid determination of tetracycline and lumecycline in human plasma and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Hermansson J.

A rapid and accurate method for the determination of tetracycline in human plasma and urine is presented. Determination of tetracycline in plasma is based on precipitation of plasma proteins with trifluoroacetic acid, followed by injection of the centrifuged plasma sample onto a muBondapak C18 column. Acetonitrile in phosphate buffer pH 2.2 is used as mobile phase. Only tetracycline, and no trace of lumecycline can be detected in plasma and urine after administration of lumecycline, indicating that lumecycline is completely degraded to tetracycline, lysine and formaldehyde in the gastrointestinal tract prior to absorption. Determination of tetracycline in urine was performed by injection of urine diluted with phosphoric acid onto a muBondapak Phenyl column. The precision of determination of tetracycline in plasma, expressed as the relative standard deviation, was less than 3% at tetracycline concentrations of 0.05 and 3.7 micrograms/ml. Urine determinations were made with a precision of less than 1.5% at tetracycline concentrations of 0.5 and 6.7 micrograms/ml.

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7153285&dopt=Abstract antibiotics, tetracycline




J Chromatogr. 1993 Sep 22;619(2):319-23.
Rapid determination of tetracycline antibiotics in serum by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

Iwaki K, Okumura N, Yamazaki M.

School of Pharmacy, Hokuriku University, Ishikawa, Japan.

A rapid and accurate determination of tetracycline antibiotics in human serum by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection has been developed, based on protein precipitation in serum. Various reagents for precipitation were investigated, and 24% trichloroacetic acid in methanolic solution gave the maximum recovery (at least 94.3%) and interference-free chromatograms of different three tetracyclines. At a concentration of 0.5 micrograms/ml, the precision (relative standard deviation) ranged from 1.12 to 1.94%. In the range 0.04-10.0 micrograms/ml for oxytetracycline and chlorotetracycline and 0.01-10.0 micrograms/ml for tetracycline, linear responses were observed. The detection limits of this method were 10-35 ng/ml for all three antibiotics. The proposed method was applied to the determination of serum concentrations in subjects receiving tetracycline antibiotics.

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8263106&dopt=Abstract antibiotics, tetracycline




Endod Dent Traumatol. 1998 Jun;14(3):127-32.
The effect of systemic tetracycline on resorption of dried replanted dogs' teeth.

Sae-Lim V, Wang CY, Choi GW, Trope M.

Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7450, USA.

The use of systemic penicillin after an avulsion injury has been recommended to decrease the occurrence of resorption complications. Tetracycline antibiotics have been reported to possess anti-resorptive properties in addition to their anti-microbial actions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the effect of systemically administered tetracycline and amoxicillin on the inhibition of resorption due to attachment damage after replantation of dogs' teeth. Thirty-one roots from the teeth of four beagle dogs were endodontically treated to inhibit subsequent inflammatory root resorption of pulpal origin. They were then extracted and left to bench dry for 1 h to ensure severe periodontal ligament damage before replantation. For the teeth in the experimental groups, two dogs were given tetracycline hydrochloride and the other two dogs were given amoxicillin, administered orally, on the day of extraction/replantation and for the following 6 days. The control group were teeth in these animals treated in the same manner but where no antibiotics had been given. After 12-16 weeks, the dogs were sacrificed and histological sections were prepared and evaluated for complete healing, inflammatory and replacement root resorption, and the groups were compared. It was shown that healing in the amoxicillin and the control groups was poor (10.90% and 11.28%, respectively), while for the tetracycline group, 35.45% showed complete healing. Individual teeth with over 50% complete healing sites were considered as having good healing, and significantly more of these teeth were found in the tetracycline group (5 of 11 teeth) compared to the amoxicillin (1 of 11 teeth) or control group (1 of 8 teeth).

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9863422&dopt=Abstract antibiotics, tetracycline




Mol Microbiol. 2003 Sep;49(6):1627-37.
Tetracycline-aptamer-mediated translational regulation in yeast.

Hanson S, Berthelot K, Fink B, McCarthy JE, Suess B.

Lehrstuhl fur Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.

We describe post-transcriptional gene regulation in yeast based on direct RNA-ligand interaction. Tetracycline-dependent translational regulation could be imposed via specific aptamers inserted at two different positions in the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR). Translation in vivo was suppressed up to ninefold upon addition of tetracycline. Repression via an aptamer located near the start codon (cap-distal) in the 5'UTR was more effective than repression via a cap-proximal position. On the other hand, suppression in a cell-free system reached maximally 50-fold and was most effective via a cap-proximal aptamer. Examination of the kinetics of tetracycline-dependent translational inhibition in vitro revealed that preincubation of tetracycline and mRNA before starting translation led not only to the fastest onset of inhibition but also the most effective repression. The differences between the behaviour of the regulatory system in vivo and in vitro are likely to be related to distinct properties of mRNP structure and mRNA accessibility in intact cells as opposed to cell-extracts. Tetracycline-dependent regulation was also observed after insertion of an uORF sequence upstream of the aptamer, indicating that our system also targets reinitiating ribosomes. Polysomal gradient analyses provided insight into the mechanism of regulation. Cap-proximal insertion inhibits binding of the 43S complex to the cap structure whereas start-codon-proximal aptamers interfere with formation of the 80S ribosome, probably by blocking the scanning preinitiation complex.

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12950926&dopt=Abstract antibiotics, tetracycline




J Periodontol. 1983 Oct;54(10):575-9.
Monolithic tetracycline-containing fibers for controlled delivery to periodontal pockets.

Goodson JM, Holborow D, Dunn RL, Hogan P, Dunham S.

For the purpose of developing controlled delivery devices for periodontal therapy which would release over several days, six fiber types made of tetracycline-loaded biocompatible polymers were manufactured and tested. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polycaprolactone, polyurethane and cellulose acetate propionate all released their drug load within 1 day. Ethylene vinyl acetate fibers, however, provided in vitro sustained release for periods up to 9 days. A bioassay was designed to measure levels of tetracycline achieved by local delivery which used growth inhibition of Bacillus cereus as a measure of the amount of tetracycline in measured volumes of gingival sulcus fluid on filter paper strips. By this assay, fibers made from 25% loaded ethylene vinyl acetate established initial concentrations of approximately 500 micrograms/ml. The measurement of tetracycline concentration resulting from the placement of these fibers into deep periodontal pockets as a packing material provided indication that concentrations of greater than 50 micrograms/ml could be maintained for months by weekly to monthly replacement. These studies indicate that monolithic fibers made of tetracycline-loaded ethylene vinyl acetate have characteristics which could prove useful as the basis of a tetracycline delivery system for the treatment of periodontal disease.

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6580409&dopt=Abstract antibiotics, tetracycline