Z Gastroenterol. 2001 Apr;39(4):279-81, 284-5.
4-day triple therapy with rabeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with peptic ulcer disease--A pilot study.

Luth S, Teyssen S, Kolbel CB, Singer MV.

Department of Medicine IV (Gastroenterology/Hepatology), University Hospital of Heidelberg at Mannheim.

BACKGROUND: It is well established that a 7-day triple therapy achieves eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori between 90% and 95%. Due to a lack of highly effective short-term eradication studies the aim of the present pilot study was to investigate the effect of a 4-day triple therapy with the new proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole (20 mg b. i. d.) in combination with clarithromycin (500 mg b. i. d.) and amoxicillin (1 g b. i. d.) without acid-suppressive pre-treatment in patients with H. pylori-related peptic ulcer disease. METHODS: 20 patients (11 men, 9 women) with endoscopically diagnosed peptic ulcers (gastric ulcer: n = 5; duodenal ulcer: n = 9; combined gastric and duodenal ulcer: n = 2, gastric or duodenal ulcer scars: n = 4) and H. pylori infection were consecutively recruited. The Helicobacter pylori status was assessed by means of histology, CLO (urea-) test and C13-urea breath test (C13-UBT) at entry. Treatment success was determined by C13-UBT 35-42 days after end of treatment. RESULTS: In 18 out of the 20 patients (90%) [77-100%, 95%-CI] a negative test result was found in C13-UBT 35-42 days after treatment. The 2 patients who remained H. pylori-positive had a duodenal ulcer. CONCLUSION: A 4-day triple therapy of rabeprazole in combination with clarithromycin and amoxicillin seems to be highly effective in eradicating H. pylori and well tolerated in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer disease. The achieved eradication rate of 90% is comparable with the established 7-day triple therapy regimens. On the basis of these results and considering costs, side effects and compliance a large number of patients should be enrolled in a confirmatory 4-day eradication trial.

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11367976&dopt=Abstract antibiotic amoxicillin

fop.unicamp.br

Few reports are available about tissue concentration of amoxicillin. The techniques used to measure tissue concentration usually require rupture and are expensive. The objective of the present study is to assess the utility of an animal model to predict tissue concentration of amoxicillin using induced granulomatous tissue. We used 160 rats with four polyurethane sponges previously implanted in their backs. At 7, 14, 21 and 28 d after sponge introduction, groups of eight animals each received 3.5, 7.0, 40.0 or 80.0 mg/kg of amoxicillin (p.o.) or 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution (control group). One hour after drug administration, 10 microl of serum and granulomatous tissue were obtained. Tissue and serum were placed on different plates containing Mueller Hinton agar inoculated with 10(8) cfu (colony forming unit) of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and the diameters of the inhibition zones were measured after 18 h of incubation. Analysis of variance showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) among time periods for the same dose of amoxicillin. These results suggest that the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin did not change in relation to the development of granulomatous tissue; therefore this method is valid to measure the tissue concentration of amoxicillin.

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Presse Med. 2001 Jan;Spec No 1:11-2, 15-20.
[Pneumococcal antibiotic resistance. Data from 6 regional registries for 1999]

[Article in French]

Donnio PY, Cottin J, Pechinot A, Bauriaud R, Roussel-Delvallez M, Murbach V.

RESISTANCE BY REGION: Resistance varied greatly by region, ranging from 34.2% resistant strains in Alsace to 63.1% in Brittany. The incidence of resistant strains was always higher in children (especially in children aged 1 to 5 years) and in ENT samples. The time course of resistance has varied between regions, as has that of serotypes. CRUCIAL FINDING: In these 6 regions, and despite a high incidence (that varied from one region to another) of reduced susceptibility strains for penicillin G, amoxicillin (19-32%) and cefotaxime (6.5-18.5%), amoxicillin-cefotaxime resistant strains remained very rare (0.2-3.5%).

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Presse Med. 2001 Jan;Spec No 1:5-6, 4.
[Pneumococcal antibiotic resistance in 1999. Results from 19 registries for 1999]

[Article in French]

Chomarat M.

BETA-LACTAM RESISTANCE: Among the 9956 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in adults, 39% had some degree of penicillin resistance (reduced susceptibility), but there were relatively few strains highly resistant to penicillin: 10%. Among the 4422 strains isolated in children, the overall rate of penicillin resistance was higher (51%) with 15% highly resistant strains. For amoxicillin, the rate of reduced susceptibility was 25% while 1.4% were amoxicillin-resistant. For ceftaxime the respective figures were 21% and 0.3% OTHER ANTIBIOTIC FAMILIES: Important reduction in the susceptibility of all strains, more pronounced for peni-R strains, for macrolides, cotrimoxazole, tetracyxine and chloramphenicol. Very rare resistance to rifampicin and intact susceptibility to vancomycin. CHILDREN VERSUS ADULTS: The rate of reduced susceptibility to beta-lactams was higher in children: 31% versus 23% for amoxicillin and 21% versus 14% for cefotaxime. However there were only a few rare strains that were amoxicillin and cefotaxime resistant. Unlike what was observed in adults, there were major differences by site of sampling; strains isolated from purulent middle ear fluid exhibited the strongest resistance.

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11242764&dopt=Abstract antibiotic amoxicillin